Space crafts

Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is sold in grades ranging from 3 to 86 wt %, most often containing 35, 50, and 70 wt % H2O2. In the United States, the only use for 86% H2O2 (ca 1994) is for attitude (flight path behavior) control of space craft, etc. This minor amount is imported. 

N. MiUeron, in E. J. Clauss, ed.. Surface Effects on Space Craft Materials, 1 st Symposium John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1960, pp. 260, 303, 325-342. 

Classical mechanics which correctly describes the behaviour of macroscopic particles like bullets or space craft is not derived from more basic principles. It derives from the three laws of motion proposed by Newton. The only justification for this model is the fact that a logical mathematical development of a mechanical system, based on these laws, is fully consistent... 

In the future, body armor may be flexible. Experimentation is underway with shear thickening material using polyethylene glycol (PEG) with nanoparticles that remain flexible until rapidly struck such as with a bullet whereupon it acts as a solid protecting the wearer from the major impact. Kevlar is also being employed to protect space craft and space men from discarded space junk and small meteors. Thus, experimentation in body armor is being applied to additional areas where impact protection is essential. 

NASA has used Rayox to treat hydrazine in wastewater produced by space craft fueling operations. Previously, this wastewater had been shipped off-site for treatment at a cost of 3 to 4 per gallon. The use of Rayox on-site cut costs to approximately 0.30 per gallon (D22281B, p. 1). 

Chu, W. and M.P. McCormick (1979) Inversion of stratospheric aerosol and gaseous constituents from space craft solar extinction data in die 0.38-1.0 micron region. Applied Optics 18 1404-1414. 

Many polyphosphazenes form strong films and membranes when solutions are spread on a flat surface and the solvent is allowed to evaporate. Some of these films have special properties such as resistance to UV radiation, and are thus of interest as coatings for solar cells, aircraft, or space craft. The polymer [NP(OCH2CF3)2] and related mixed-substituent derivatives have been studied from this viewpoint.1... 

There are many applications of porous materials. Their ability to fill space with a minimum weight leads to their use in packaging. Lifejackets and rafts use porous materials because of their low density. Examples of their use as thermal insulators range from Styrofoam cups to heat shields for space craft. Aluminum baseball bats are filled with foam to dampen vibrations. The low elastic moduli and high elastic strains of foams lead to use as cushions and mattresses. Filters are made from porous materials. 

How can airplanes fly at high altitudes and space crafts be propelled High altitude airplanes utilize jet engines that is, engines bum fuel at high temperatures and expel it backward. In expelling the burnt fuel a force is exerted backward on it and it exerts an equal forward force on the plane. The same analysis applies to space crafts. 

Air purification is a very important issue. Air cleaning devices are needed for respiratory protection (gas masks) and for removing CO, CO2, water vapour and trace amounts of VOCs and ozone from ambient air indoor office space (due to smoking, etc.) and in submarines or space crafts on long missions [2,6,7,18,31,64,71,110,125,126,132,251,260-264,598]. 

Polymeric sealants are important materials in the aerospace industry, "irtually every aircraft or space craft employs them in one form or another. The most important resins used for this purpose are the polysulfides and the polydimethyl siloxanes. Of the two materials, sealants based on the polysulfides are the most widely used. 

The surface has a fine white semiopaque coating that smells like thymol. There are late cut sections marked by removal of sections for Endeavor, the space craft, and Endeavor, the America s Cup challenger. 

Prestage J.D. Chung, S. Le, T. Beach, M. Maleki, L. Tjoelker, L. One-liter ion clock New capability for space craft applications. Proc. Precise Time and Time Interval, PTTI 2004, 35, 427-433. 

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