Bulkley

Bingham plastics are fluids which remain rigid under the application of shear stresses less than a yield stress, Ty, but flow like a. simple Newtonian fluid once the applied shear exceeds this value. Different constitutive models representing this type of fluids were developed by Herschel and Bulkley (1926), Oldroyd (1947) and Casson (1959). 

Herschel, W.H. and Bulkley, R., 1927. See Rudraiah, N, and Kaloni, P.N. 1990. Flow of non-Newtonian fluids. In Encyclopaedia of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, Chapter 1, Gulf Publishers, Houston. 

Thus, equation 3.127, which includes three parameters, is effectively a combination of equations 3.121 and 3.125. It is sometimes called the generalised Bingham equation or Herschel -Bulkley equation, and the fluids are sometimes referred to as having/n/re body. Figures 3.30 and 3.31 show shear stress and apparent viscosity, respectively, for Bingham plastic and false body fluids, using linear coordinates. 

Koyama, L, Bulkley, G.B., Williams, G.H. and Im, H.J. (1985). The role of oxygen free radicals in mediating the reperfusion injury of cold-preserved ischaemic kidneys. Transplantation 40, 590-595. 

Ratych, KE. and Bulkley, G.B. (1986). Free-radical-mediated postischaemic reperfusion injury in the kidney. J. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2, 311-319. 

Clemens, J.A., Bulkley, G.B., Cameron, J.L., Milligan, F.L., Hutcheon, L., Horn, S.D. and MacGowan, S.W. (1991). Effect of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on the incidence and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyper-amylasaemia in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 168 patients. Gastroenterology 100, A270. 

Harris, M.L., Schiller, H.J., Reilly, P.M., Donowitz, M., Grisham, M.B. and Bulkley, G.B. (1992). Free radicals and other reactive oxygen metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease cause, consequence or epiphenomenon Pharmac. Ther. 53, 375-408. 

Parks, D.A., Bulkley, G.B. and Granger, D.N. (1983). Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in digestive tract diseases. Surgery 94, 415-422. 

Perler, B.A., Tohmer, A.G. and Bulkley, G.B. (1990). Inhibition of the compartment syndrome by the ablation of free radical-mediated reperfusion injury. Surgery 108, 40-47. 

Schoeninger, L. O., Reilly, P. M., Bulkley, G. B., and Buchman, T. G., Heat-shock gene expression excludes hepatic acute phase expression after resuscitation from haemorrhagic shock. Surgery 112,355-363 (1992). 

Vickers, S., Schiller, H. J., Hildreth, J. E., Bulkley, G. B., Immunoaffmity localization of the enzyme xanthine oxidase on the outside surface of endothelial cell plasma membrane. Surgery 124 (1998), p. 551-560... 

Herpes simplex vaccine, 25 498-499 Herpes simplex viruses, 3 136 Herpesviruses, 3 136 Herpes zoster vaccine, 25 496-497 Herschel-Bulkley model, 21 705 Herschel effect, 19 204 Herz compounds, 23 643... 

Some materials can be modelled well by modifying the power law to include a yield stress this is known as the Herschel-Bulkley model ... 

The term /pj is the plastic viscosity and aB> 0c and [Pg.215]

For a fluid whose rheological properties may be represented by the Herschel-Bulkley model discussed in Volume 1, Chapter 3, the shear stress r is a function of the shear rate y or ... 

Atapattu, D. D., Chhabra, R. P. and Uhlherr, P. H. T. J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 59 (1995) 245. Creeping sphere motion in Herschel - Bulkley fluids Flow field and drag. 

ReHB Reynolds number for spherical particle in a Herschel-Bulkley — —... 

Bulkley, W. L. Technical Investigation of Major Process-Industry Accidents. New York AIChE Loss Prevention Series 0823. 

Herschel-Bulkley model Herschel effect Hertz equation... 

Herschel-Bulkley model stress = yield stress +... 

Two protocols are presented for non-Newtonian fluids. Basic Protocol 1 is for time-independent non-Newtonian fluids and is a ramped type of test that is suitable for time-independent materials. The test is a nonequilibrium linear procedure, referred to as a ramped or stepped flow test. A nonquantitative value for apparent yield stress is generated with this type of protocol, and any model fitting should be done with linear models (e.g., Newtonian, Herschel-Bulkley unithit). 

Similar data for the two-component system water-ammonia are also available and complete, because of the use of this system in absorption refrigeration. The data of Scatchard and coworkers are the most recent 24), and are unique among such compilations in that the availability function is tabulated as well as the usual enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. These data have been converted to graphical form (charts) by Kohloss and Scott 16) and Bulkley and Swartz 4). Older data, but more complete in the low concentration range, are those of Jennings and Shannon 11). 

Sanfey, H., Bulkley, G. B., and Cameron, J.L., The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. The source and role of oxygen-derived free radicals in three different experimental models. Ann. Surg. 201, 633-639 (1985). 

Comparison with Eq. (6.24) shows that the Herschel-Bulkley model is the power-law model with the addition of a yield stress. Another such derivative model is the Robertson-Stiff [379] model ... 

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