Bulk delivery

One goal of a bulk delivery system is to provide constant pressure to a CMP polisher, so that the peristaltic metering pump in the polisher can provide constant slurry flow to the polisher platen. While many schemes have been devised to minimize the fluctuations in pressure, there are many... 

Historically, bulk delivery systems have used manual diaphragm valves located at the return end of the global piping system, another carryover from high-purity chemical systems. However, the shear sensitivity of many slurries has fostered the creation of other baek-pressure approaches, including... 

J. P. Bare and B. Johl, Aging and Handling Evaluation of Tungsten CMP Slurry in Bulk Delivery System, Proceedings of Fourth Int l Chemical-Mechanical Polish Conference (CMP-MIC) (February 1999). 

Ammonium Nitrate Prill and Fuel Oil Mixtures (AN/FO) available in 50- and 80-pound multiwall paper bags, packages from 5 to 12 inches in diameter, and in bulk deliveries to field storage bins or direct to the blasthole ... 

Hercules Incorporated Bulk Delivery of Crosslinkable Aqueous Slurry Explosive with Crosslinking Agent in a Separate Feed... 

Conveyor installations may be permanent or a combination of permanent and portable. The latter kind is often mounted on a bulk-delivery vehicle, which permits fast unloading into the customer s silo by the carrier without effort or equipment from the customer. Controls range from simple motor starters and hand-connected hoses to sophisticated, microprocessor-electropneumatic control systems. 

Because crystalline CD-ICs are high-melting and thermally stable, even when containing small-molecule guests that are volatile liquids [52, 53] or even gases in the bulk, delivery of additives to polymer materials can be improved by using additive-CD-ICs, which may often be conveniently melt-processed into polymers. An example of CD-IC delivery of a polymer additive is provided by the commercial antibacterial triclosan [17]. 

Fillers are delivered by traditional means of transportation, including rail cars, road vehicles, ships, and barges. Rail cars are used for delivery of bulk powder, paper sacks, and intermediate bulk containers. Rail cars usually have a capacity between 20 and 55 tons. The car for bulk delivery is compartmentalized usually it has 3 sections, each equipped with release bottom doors, which are usually designed to control the discharge rate. Cars for bulk transportation should be lined with an appropriate coating to avoid contamination of fillers with rust. ... 

Recycling in 1998 Neste recycled 4600 tons of waste and 10700 tons of other by-products. Although there is little emphasis on recycling in the CER, a yes score has been awarded in view of the high proportion of waste recycled to that disposed, and because of initiatives such as the increased use of bulk deliveries and reusable packaging. 

There is also some evidence of improvements to processes resulting in reduced environmental impact (e.g. the increasing use of bulk deliveries). 

Normally a farmer (consumer) gets a specification on the fertilizer bag or, for a bulk delivery, on the invoice. Tills type of specification typically consists of the fertilizer grade, a guaranteed analysis, the net weight, and sometimes additional information about the product. This information is typically that which is required by government regulations, not necessarily by the customer. 

One problem that is often overlooked when considering bags or Gaylords is the fact that after they are used, they must be disposed of The solid waste disposal problem presents quite a housekeeping challenge and is very labor intensive. The problem grows in direct proportion to resin usage, but at some point, economics dictate the switch to bulk delivery of material, which eliminates the inefficiency associated with manual methods. 

Filtration systems. When pellets or powders are blown into a silo by either a bulk delivery truck or via a railcar unload system, there is a large volume of air which must be exhausted into the atmosphere. In the case of materials such as PE or PP pellets, the amount of fines contained in the exhaust is negligible while with other materials, especially powders, the dust loading is considerable and elaborate filtration is required. Several systems in widespread use are (see Fig. 7.6). 

Appropriate proceditres for communication between security on the gate, purchasing staff and staff at the point of receival of chemicals delivered from outside, e.g. bulk delivery of anhydrous lydrofluoric acid. 

---