Buckys

Armspach D, Constable E C, Diederich F, Housecraft C E and Nierengarten J-F 1996 Bucky-ligands fullerene-substituted oligopyridines for metallosupramolecular chemistry J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 2009-10... 

Fig. 1. Magnified view of a part of a lead Bucky diaphragm (grid) used to diminish scattered radiation from striking a detector. The grid is placed between...

In 1990, a third form of soHd carbon was confirmed and designated TuckniinsterfilUetenes. These 60-carbon (and 78-C) clusters are described as having the shape of a geodesic dome or soccer ball and hence are also known as "bucky balls" (5). 

Fig, 1, (a) A cross-sectional TEM image of a bundle of buckytubes (b) an HREM image of a single bundle of bucky-lubes with their axes parallel to the bundle axis. 

The measured mass susceptibility values for bucky-bundle (both xb aid xu). Qo. the gray-shell material, the polycrystalline graphite anode, and the... 

One of the main scientific issues of the discovery of the bucky-onions is the unresolved question of minimal energy configuration of carbon clusters (onion-... 

It must be pointed out that the heterofuUerenes discussed above are not available today, and may never be available owing to synthetic limitations or unexpected instability not predicted in the above-mentioned theoretical studies. In comparison to carbon bucky balls, the chemistry of heterofuUerenes might have more important implications. Development of molecular engines and computers, derivatization for drug delivery, and applications in material science might be new scientific areas involving these interesting molecules. 

An alternative mode for dehydrobenzoannulene decomposition was recently reported by Vollhardt et al. [58]. Non-planar hybrid 81, prepared in low yield via cyclodimerization of known triyne 82 [Eq.(3)], reacted explosively at ca. 250°C to give a nearly pure carbon residue. Solvent extraction of the black powder failed to yield soluble materials such as fullerenes however, analysis of the residue by TEM showed formation of bucky onions and bucky tubes [59], in addition... 

The "Bucky ball" (fullerene or "footbaii molecule" is a form of carbon first discovered in 1985 that enjoyed immediate popularity. 

Bucky balls (football molecules) were only discovered in 1985 and named fullerene after the architect Buckminster-Fuller. The Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1996 was awarded for this new carbon chemistry. Molecular tubes with this structure have particularly interesting properties. 

Bucky Badger has been investigating the residence time characteristics of a reactor that he plans to use for pilot plant work. He suggests... 

K. Hutchison, J. Gao, G. Schick, Y. Rubin, F. Wudl, Bucky Light Bulbs White Light Electroluminescence from a Fluorescent C60 Adduct-Single Layer Organic LED , J. Am Chem. Soc. 1999,121,5611-5612. 

CNTs can be chemically functionalized to achieve good dispersion in polymer/ CNT composites and strong interface adhesion (Gao et al., 2004). CNTs can be assembled as ropes or bundles, and there are some catalyst residuals, bucky onions, spheroidal fullerenes, amorphous carbon, polyhedron graphite nanoparticles, and other forms of impurities during the growth process of CNTs. 

The 1996 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to three American scientists for their identification of a new allotrope of aromatic carbon molecules called fullerenes. These unusual carbon molecules form a closed-cage structure of joined carbon atoms. The original soccer ball-shaped carbon molecule called buckminsterfullerene contained 60 carbon atoms and was nicknamed Bucky Ball in honor of Buckminster Fuller (1859—1983), who used similar shapes in some of his architectural structures. Since then additional organic pentagon structures beyond the original icosahedral fullerene (C ) have been developed, all with an even... 

The heads of the stopcock molecules are too large to be able to enter the channels. Typical functionalized groups such as bucky balls [34], chelating centers [35], and others can be used. Some examples are given in Fig. 21. Similarly to the labels, heads can be reactive or nonreactive. Reactive heads may have arms , which can interact with each other to form a monolayer polymer or bind to the zeolite external surface. 

These were bold and simple statements. To put them in a modern context, the discovery of triphenylmethyl combined the novelty of something like bucky balls with the controversial nature of something like polywater or cold fusion. Thus Gomberg was soon to find that the triphenylmethyl problem was attractive and complex enough to occupy him and many others for a long time. A first period lasted until about 1911 when the phenomena observed had been clarified to the satisfaction of a majority of the research community. Theoretically, little understanding was possible before the advent of the electron pair bond and, in particular, theory based on quantum mechanical concepts. This meant that the theory available... 

Vandanjon et al. [37] reported on using a combination of UF and RO, or UF and nanofiltration (NF) to remove both volatiles and non-volatiles from the cooking water of shrimp, buckies, and tuna. The preliminary use of UF is common in that it removes the larger materials that would clog the subsequent membrane steps. NF was not found to be as efficient in the recovery of volatiles as RO. Unfortunately, the authors did not evaluate the use of the recovered materials as flavourings. 

Fullerene is an ideal candidate as a component of molecular batteries because it shows six chemically and electrochemically reversible, one-electron reduction70 and one oxidation process.71 In particular, the first reduction process occurs at easy accessible potentials (—0.98 V versus Fc +/Fc in MeCN/toluene solution at 263 K)70 and it is thus the most suitable process to exploit in charge storing devices. To covalently append fullerene to the dendritic structure, chemical functionalization of the bucky-ball is necessary. Fortunately, most of its derivatives keep the reversible electrochemical properties of Ceo, at least for the first reduction process, which usually occurs at more negative potentials than that of fullerene. 

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