Organic single-layer

Carapiica, H.M., Balula, M.S., Fonseca, and A.P., Cavaleiro, A.M.V. 2006. Electrochemical characterization of glassy carbon electrodes modified with hybrid inorganic-organic single layer of a-kegging type polyoxotung states. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 10, 10-17. 

This chapter is organized as follows in Section 11.2 the relevant properties of electroluminescent polymer Films are summarized in Section 11.3 the electronic properties of mctal/polymer junctions are described in Section 11.4 single layer polymer LEDs are discussed in Section 11.5 multi-layer polymer LEDs are considered and Section 11.6 summarizes the conclusions. 

Figure 13-4. Encigy level diagnim of a single-layer OLED, where the organic malerial is depicted as a fully depleted semiconductor. The valence band Ey corresponds to the HOMO and the conduction band Ec corresponds to the LUMO. Tile Fermi levels of the two metal electrodes are marked as Et-. Upon contact a built-in potential is established and needs to be compensated for, before the device will begin to operating.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilizes similar principles as hemodialysis in that blood is exposed to a semipermeable membrane against which a physiologic solution is placed. In the case of PD, however, the semipermeable membrane is the peritoneal membrane, and a sterile dialysate is instilled into the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal membrane is composed of a continuous single layer of mesothelial cells that covers the abdominal and pelvic walls on one side of the peritoneal cavity, and the visceral organs, including the GI tract, liver, spleen, and diaphragm on the other side. The mesothelial cells are covered by microvilli that increase the surface area of the peritoneal membrane to approximate body surface area (1 to 2 m2). 

The structure of the blood capillary wall is complex and varies in different organs and tissues. It consists of a single layer of endothelial cells joined together by intercellular junctions. Each endothelial cell, on an average, is 20-40 pm long, 10-15 pm wide, and 0.1-0.5 pm thick, and contains 10,000-15,000 uniform, spherical vesicles called plasmalemmal vesicles. These vesicles range in size between 60 and 80 nm in diameter. About 70% of these vesicles open on the luminal side of the endothelial surface, and the remaining open within the cytoplasm. Plasmalemmal vesicles are believed to be involved in the pinocytic transport of substances across the endothelium. The transition time of pinocytic vesicles across the cell is... 

K. Hutchison, J. Gao, G. Schick, Y. Rubin, F. Wudl, Bucky Light Bulbs White Light Electroluminescence from a Fluorescent C60 Adduct-Single Layer Organic LED , J. Am Chem. Soc. 1999,121,5611-5612. 

J Kido, H Shionoya, and K Nagai, Single-layer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices based on dye-dispersed poly(Y-vinylcarbazolc), Appl. Phys. Lett., 67 2281-2283, 1995. 

In contrast to unsubstituted polypyridine, all polymers 585 appeared to be soluble in organic solvents. For all polymers of the series, single-layer (ITO/polymer/Mg(Ag)) and... 

In general, a two-layer device structure is more efficient than single-layer architectures. There are two key reasons for this. First, each layer can be separately optimized for the injection and transport of one carrier type. Second, exciton formation and radiative decay take place close to the HTL-ETL interface away from the quenching sites at the organic-metal contacts. 

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