Fuller, Buckminster

Buckminster Fuller was the inventor of self-supporting polygon frameworks, e.g., of pavilions. Synonyms (root)ballene, buckminsterfullerenc( BF ), carbosoccer, soo r(ball)ene, spherene. The proposed bridged-fused ring system and von-Baeyer names and numberings vary. 

The C50 molecule contains 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. This type of hexagonal-pentagonal structure closely resembles the geodesic domes developed by the architect and engineer R. Buckminster Fuller, after whom the molecule is named. In the Csn molecule each carbon atom is bonded to three... 

R. Buckminster Fuller. In The Artifacts of R. Buckminster Fuller A Comprehensive Collection of His Designs and Drawings, edited by W. Marlin, Garland Publishing, New York, 1984. 

Buckminsterfullerene (Chapter 11, essay, Carbon Clusters, Fullerenes, and Nanotubes ) Name given to the Cgo cluster with structure resembling the geodesic domes of R. Buckminster Fuller see front cover. 

Buckminster Fuller, sitting beside a model of his "Dymazion" house, seen in the 1930 World s Fair in Chicago. (Corbis Corporation)... 

Baldwn, J. (1996). BuckyWorks Buckminster Fuller s Ideas for Today. New York Wiley. 

Mcllalc.J. (1962). R. Buckminster Fuller. New York George Brazillier, Inc. 

Sieden, L. S. (1989). Buckminster Fuller s Universe An Appreciation. New York Plenum Press. 

Buckminster Fuller stands in front of a solar-powered geodesic dome house. lAPAA/ide World Photos)... 

If you re a sports fan, you ve almost certainly seen this structure before. It is that of a soccer ball with a carbon atom at each vertex. Smalley and his colleagues could have named this allotropic form of carbon "carbosoccer" or "soc-cerene," but they didn t. Instead they called it "buckminster fullerene" after the architect R. Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes vaguely resembled truncated soccer balls. 

Chemists were greatly surprised when soccer-ball-shaped carbon molecules were first identified in 1985, particularly because they might be even more abundant than graphite and diamond The C60 molecule (10) is named buckminsterfullerene after the American architect R. Buckminster Fuller, whose geodesic domes it resembles. Within 2 years, scientists had succeeded in making crystals of buckminsterfullerene the solid samples are called fullerite (Fig. 14.32). The discovery of this molecule and others with similar structures, such as C70, opened up the prospect of a whole new field of chemistry. For instance, the interior of a C60 molecule is big enough to hold an atom of another element, and chemists are now busily preparing a whole new periodic table of these shrink-wrapped atoms. 

Bucky balls (football molecules) were only discovered in 1985 and named fullerene after the architect Buckminster-Fuller. The Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1996 was awarded for this new carbon chemistry. Molecular tubes with this structure have particularly interesting properties. 

Figure 4.19C shows Ceo, which is one type of fullerene discovered in 1985. It was given the name buckminsterfullerene because it resembles the geodesic-domed structure designed by architect R. Buckminster Fuller. Also known as buckyballs, Ceo is just one of several fullerenes that have been discovered. Others have been shown to have the formula C70, C74, and C82. Because of their spherical shape, researchers have speculated that fullerenes might make good lubricants. 

Another form of carbon was discovered by a group of scientists in 1985. Harry Kroto,Rich SmaUey, and Bob Curl called their discovery a buckminsterfullerene, or buckybaU, named after architect Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895—1983) for the dome-shaped buildings he designed. In a buckybaU,... 

In C60 fullerene-type carbon allotrope, there is only one structure in which all the pentagons are nonadjacent and this is icosohedral symmetry-I (Fig. 4.11). This structure is often referred to as backyball to reflect on its full name buckminster-fullerene (after Buckminster Fuller who popularized the geodesic dome as an architectural form). 

The 1996 Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to three American scientists for their identification of a new allotrope of aromatic carbon molecules called fullerenes. These unusual carbon molecules form a closed-cage structure of joined carbon atoms. The original soccer ball-shaped carbon molecule called buckminsterfullerene contained 60 carbon atoms and was nicknamed Bucky Ball in honor of Buckminster Fuller (1859—1983), who used similar shapes in some of his architectural structures. Since then additional organic pentagon structures beyond the original icosahedral fullerene (C ) have been developed, all with an even... 

Cgg was named buckminsterfullerene, in honor of the visionary American architect Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983). Fuller is known for developing and promoting the geodesic dome, which resembles. (Buckminsterfullerene molecules are also sometimes called buckyballs.) Later, researchers discovered this molecule belongs to a family of related carbon structures, which have become known as fuller-enes. The smallest fullerene is containing 20 carbon atoms. 

This polymorph of carbon was only discovered in 1985 by Sir Harry Kroto at the University of Sussex while looking for carbon chains. It is made by passing an electric arc between two carbon rods in a partial atmosphere of helium. Kroto was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1996, along with two American researchers (Robert F.Curl Jr. and Richard E.Smalley). The molecule has the formula Ceo and has the same shape as a soccer ball—a truncated icosahedron it takes its name from the engineer and philosopher Buckminster Fuller who discovered the architectural principle of the hollow geodesic dome that this molecule resembles (a geodesic dome was built for EXPO 67 in Montreal). The structure is depicted in Figure 6.14. 

Buckyball is an americanized version of the somewhat cumbersome name buckminsterfullerene, coined by Kroto for CM to honour the architect Buckminster Fuller who had built domes consisting ofhexa- and pentagons. H. W. Kroto, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1992, 31, 111. 

What is the symmetry of buckminsterfullerene934 Do you expect it to be chiral To have a dipole moment To be soluble in benzene Buckminsterfullerene was named after R. Buckminster Fuller, who became best known for his popularization of the geodesic dome Is a geodesic dome the same as a segment of buckminsterfullerene What is the symmetry of the bis(4-r-butyIpyridine)osmyl derivative of buckminsterfullerene (Fig. 3.34) Do you expect it to be chiral To have a dipole moment To be soluble in benzene ... 

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