Bromide emission from

Gan, J. Yates, S. R. Becker, J. O. Wang, D. Surface amendment of fertilizer ammonium thiosulfate to reduce methyl bromide emission from soil. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998,52, 2438-2441. 

Chen, T. Y., D. R. Blake, J. P. Lopez, and F. S. Rowland, Estimation of Global Vehicular Methyl Bromide Emissions Extrapolation from a Case Study in Santiago, Chile, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 283-286 (1999). 

Chlorodibromomethane has limited commercial use but is used industrially as a chemical intermediate. It is foimd in chlorinated drinking-water as a consequence of the reaction between chlorine, added during drinking-water treatment, and natural organic substances in the presence of bromide. The major route of human exposure is via drinking-water. Chlorodibromomethane is not normally present in untreated water. It is a major component of organohalide emissions from marine algae (lARC, 1991). 

Rhew RC, Miller BR, Weiss RF (2000) Natural Methyl Bromide and Methyl Chloride Emissions from Coastal Salt Marshes. Nature 403 292... 

Rhew R. C., MiUer B. R., and Weiss R. E. (2000) Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes. Nature 403, 292—295. 

Fig. 8. Use of FRET to generate new DNA dyes. TO stands for thioazole orange, AB for Azure Blue, F for fluorescein, and ED for ethidium bromide. The dyes bind tightly to DNA such that they are stable even during electrophoresis. Solid lines represent absorption dashed lines, emission. (From Benson el 0/. ")... 

Air emissions from PTA production mostly come from the reactor vent gas of the TA production stage. There are no VOC emissions associated with the purification of TA. After passing through aqueous adsorbers, the reactor vent gas still contains the VOCs of p-xylene, acetic acid, methyl acetate, toluene, benzene, methyl bromide and CO. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations combined with the expansion of PTA capacity, more and more PTA plants are required to further reduce air emissions from the adsorber vent gas. 

CIDNP has also been reported in reactions of organomercurials. Emission is observed from the couphng product of p-methylbenzyl-mercuric bromide and triphenylmethyl bromide (Beletskaya et al., 1971), while thermolysis of organomercury derivatives of tin such as t-C4H9HgSn(CH3)3 gave mixtures of isobutene and isobutane (by disproportionation of uncorrelated pairs of t-butyl radicals) showing A/E polarization (Mitchell, 1972). 

FIG. 13 Langmuir-Blodgett films of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide incorporating 6.0-nm-diameter CdS nanoparticles stabilized by 0.2 mM sodium hexametaphosphate. (a) Absorbance spectra for 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 layers (bottom to top) the inset shows the linearity of the absorbance at 450 nm versus the number of layers, (b) Fluorescence spectra (excitation wavelength = 400 nm) for 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, and 18 layers (bottom to top) the inset shows the emission intensity at 480 nm versus the number of layers. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 152. Copyright 1994 American Chemical Society.)... 

This process (see Fig. 14.3) was chosen because of the lowest variable and investment costs compared with the other options. This is a process without emissions - which is another great advantage. Bromide is discharged from the process by the cell-liquor. A small increase of bromide and chlorate concentrations in the cell-liquor is therefore expected. 

Due to its gaseous nature it may have an effect on the stratospheric ozone layer [281, 402, 404]. After injection into soil for fumigation, methyl bromide rapidly diffuses through the soil pore space to the soil surface and then into the atmosphere [159,162,163,405,406]. Since a plastic sheet typically covers the soil surface, the rate of emission into the atmosphere depends upon the thickness and density of the plastic, if other conditions are the same [159, 406]. Other routes of disappearance from soil include chemical hydrolysis, methylation to soil organic matter through free radical reactions, and microbial degradation [ 136,159,405,407]. Several reports appeared on the study of the microbial transformations of methyl bromide, summarized as follows ... 

Mano, S and M. O. Andreae, Emission of Methyl Bromide from Biomass Burning, Science, 263, 1255-1257 (1994). 

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