Brody

Ozone is normally produced by the use of a silent electrical discharge and a number of ozonisers have been produced. Brodie s apparatus is shown in outline in Figure 10.2. 

A. L. Brody and E. P. Schertz, Convenience Foods Products, Packaging Markets, Iowa Development Commission, Des Moines, 1970. 

A. L. Brody and L. M. Shepherd, ModfiedJ Controlled Atmosphere Packaging An Emergent Food Marketing Revolution, Schofland Business Research, Inc., Princeton, N.J., 1987. 

A. L. Brody, ed.. Controlled Modified Atmosphere/ Vacuum Packaging of Foods, Food Nutrition Press, Inc., TmmbuU, Coim., 1989. 

S. Sacharow and A. L. Brody, Packaging An Introduction, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich PubHcations, Inc., Duluth, Minn., 1987. 

The preferred route to higher purity naphthalene, either coal-tar or petroleum, is crystallisation. This process has demonstrated significant energy cost savings and yield improvements. There are several commercial processes available Sulser-MWB, Brodie type. Bets, and Recochem (37). 

In the late 1980s, Brodie crystalHsers were installed in the United Kingdom and in France for upgrading phthaHc-grade naphthalene to 99% purity or better. This apparatus, developed by Union Carbide Corporation, AustraHa, for separating o- and -dichlorobensene, was adapted for naphthalene refining. The one installed in the United Kingdom, however, has been closed (21) (see Naphthalene). 

S. K. Chawla, iu H. Brody, ed.. Synthetic Fibre Materials, Longman Scientific Technical, Longman Group U.K. Ltd., London, 1994, p. 203. 

The composition varies with the heat treatment and the end point according to x-ray diffraction studies it is a form of carbon that reconverts to weU-ordered graphite on heating to 1800°C. Before the use of x-rays, chemists used the Brodie reaction to differentiate between graphitic carbons and turbostratic carbons. Turbostratic carbons yield a brown solution of humic acids, whereas further oxidation of graphite oxide produces mellitic acid (benzenehexacarboxyhc acid) [517-60-2] ... 

A. L. Brody, Food and Flavor Section, Arthur D. Litde, Inc., Cambndge, Mass. Flexible Packaging of Foods, CRC Press, Division of the Chemical... 

A horizontal column is typified by the Brodie Purifier, which is shown schematically in Figure 26. Feed enters the column between recovery and refining sections, and crystals exit the refining section and pass through a purifying section. The purifying section is a wash column in which the crystals are contacted with melt generated at the bottom of the column. 

Fig. 26. Schematic diagram of Brodie Purifier. L = liquid C = crystals (69).

Figure 22-8 shows the features of a horizontal center-fed column [Brodie, Au.st. Mech. Chem. Eng. Tran.s., 37 (May 1979)] which has been commercialized for continuous purification of naphthalene and p-dichlorobenzene. Liquid feed enters the column between the hot purifying section and the cold freezing or recovery zone. Ciystals are formed internally by indirect cooling of the melt through the walls of the refining and recovery zones. Residue liquid that has been depleted or product exits from the coldest section of the column. A spiral conveyor controls the transport of solids through the unit. 

Most of the analytical treatments of center-fed columns describe the purification mechanism in an adiabatic oscillating spiral column (Fig. 22-9). However, the analyses by Moyers (op. cit.) and Griffin (op. cit.) are for a nonadiabatic dense-bed column. Differential treatment of the horizontal-purifier (Fig. 22-8) performance has not been reported however, overall material and enthalpy balances have been described by Brodie (op. cit.) and apply equally well to other designs. 

Commercial apphcations for both the Brodie and CCCC process are indicated on Table 22-8. Both the Brodie Purifier and the CCCC processes are available from The C. W. Nofsinger Company, PO Box 419173, Kansas City, MO 64141-0173. 

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