Brief Review of Previous Work

Is there a brief review of previous work and background on why the study was done ... 

The use of near-IR and far-IR spectroscopies for characterisation of PETP films was investigated. After a brief review of previous work, some examples of transmission spectra of annealed PETP, showing complex changes in the absorption bands, are presented. Near-IR spectroscopy was used to follow the crystallinity (or conformation) of thick PETP films without any sample preparation. 40 refs. 

A brief review of previous work related to the dynamic simulation of simple closed-chain mechanisms is given in the second section of this chapter. A model for simple closed-chain mechanisms is described in the third section, and the basic problem statement is also discussed. The dynamic equations of motion for the individual chains and the common reference member are summarized in the fourth section. 

Suess TR, Stermitz FR 1981 Alkaloids of Mahonia repens with a brief review of previous work in the genus Mahonia. J Nat Prod 44 680-687... 

The remainder of this introduction will involve a brief discussion of previous work in the area of semiconductor electrodeposition. The focus will be on the strengths and limitations of the various electrodeposition methods with regard to controlling deposit structure, composition, and morphology. Most of this work has been well reviewed by others [13,40-44]. 

In what follows, emphasis will be placed on developments of the past decade, with sufficient (but brief) summaries of previous work and references to earlier reviews and seminal papers to allow this chapter to function as a stand-alone unit. We attempt to place silylene chemistry in a broader context and to interpret as well as describe important discoveries. 

The rising need for new separation processes for the biotechnology industry and the increasing attention towards development of new industrial eruyme processes demonstrate a potential for the use of liquid membranes (LMs). This technique is particularly appropriate for multiple enzyme / cofactor systems since any number of enzymes as well as other molecules can be coencapsulated. This paper focuses on the application of LMs for enzyme encapsulation. The formulation and properties of LMs are first introduced for those unfamiliar with the technique. Special attention is paid to carrier-facilitated transport of amino acids in LMs, since this is a central feature involved in the operation of many LM encapsulated enzyme bioreactor systems. Current work in this laboratory with a tyrosinase/ ascorbate system for isolation of reactive intermediate oxidation products related to L-DOPA is discussed. A brief review of previous LM enzyme systems and reactor configurations is included for reference. 

In brief review of previously presented findings, a distinction has been found in the metabolism of cancer cells vs. normal cells, dating back to the discovery of German biochemist Otto Warburg circa 1926, who later won a Nobel prize for other work (Voet and Voet, 1995, p. 595). And in the same reference there is the previously noted comment that understanding the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells may be the key to snccessfully treating cancer. 

Two observations can be derived from this brief review of previous studies. First, X-ray reflectivity techniques have been applied to a diverse range of phenomena, providing a powerful and robust probe of interfacial properties. Second, the use of these techniques in studying the mineral-fluid interface has been limited to a few research groups. This suggests that application of these techniques to mineral-fluid interface structures and processes is still in its infancy. This review uses examples of recent work carried out at Argonne National Laboratory that were chosen to represent the diverse range of mineral-fluid interface phenomena that can be studied with X-ray reflectivity techniques. 

We see a slow and largely unconscious increase in the expression of chemical composition in terms of real, that is, material component bodies. Nowhere is this more visible than in the experimental work being done on materials now identifiable as salts. The climax, as previously indicated, is Rouelle s explicit definition of neutral salts as combinations of any acid with any base, that is, anything that would fix the acid into a solid state an alkali, an earth, or a metal. A brief review of the earlier history will give us a better understanding of how these chemists thought of neutral salt. 

Asymmetric syntheses directed toward construction of enantiomers of the western and southern corn root-worm pheromones are described. A brief review of the subject of asymmetric synthesis as it is related to the synthesis of insect sex pheromones is presented. The laboratory s previous research with chiral pheromones is summarized (Japanese beetle, white peach scale, and lesser tea tortrix) before detailing synthetic work on the pheromones of the aforementioned rootworm species. Throughout the course of the synthetic effort, cholesteric stationary phases for GLC have found use. Their superior ability to separate crucial diastereomeric intermediates for synthesis is detailed. 

Research findings from the areas of physical property estimation and chemical products selection are applicable to the design of molecules. A brief review of research in these areas is presented along with previous work in molecular design. 

V. Theories of Rubber Reinforcement — A Brief Review of the Previous Work. 140... 

V. THEORIES OF RUBBER REINFORCEMENT — A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS WORK... 

Frontal polymerization (FP) is a class of polymerization reactions that polymerize directionally, usually from one end of their container to another, instead of polymerizing in bulk (i.e., uniform polymerization throughout the container) as traditionally many polymerization reactions do. Because many more people are familiar with thermal frontal polymerization (TFP), we begin this chapter by comparing isothermal frontal polymerization (IFP) to TFP including differences in their mechanisms, reaction properties, and finished products. In addition, we review all previous work on IFP (experimental and mathematical) and present a brief summary of this information. 

The physical NMR properties of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium are given in Table 1, and as with other groups of the Periodic Table there are expected to be considerable parallels between the chemical aspects of the NMR behavior of these elements (and indeed with oxygen too). In practice the problems associated with S NMR have restricted the types of compound studied, and it is not yet appropriate to combine the treatment of all three. However, the more recent work has served mainly to confirm the similarities of selenium and tellurium referred to previously," and so these two elements are considered together. There is a brief review of S NMR," and there are several of Se and Te NMR." ... 

Much of this earlier work is largely of historical interest because proper kinetic expressions have not been proposed for representing the reaction rate nor have sufficient data been provided to develop such an interpretation a posteriori. In more recent studies of solid-solid reactions, notably by Rao [6, 7], Kondo et al. [8, 9], and El-Guindy and Davenport [10], the relationship between solid-solid reactions and the previously discussed gas-solid systems has been recognized and therefore the interpretation of these data may be more readily made. A somewhat more detailed discussion of these results will be made after a brief review of the earlier theoretical work on solid-solid reaction systems. 

Although several early reviews provide brief discussions on olefin-azide additions,6-9 the greater part of the work on imine-diazoalkane reactions is more recent and not covered previously.10,11 The major methods of triazoline synthesis are outlined in a recent treatise on 1,2,3-triazoles.13... 

We end this review of meteorite TL and CL and their relationship with feldspar properties with a brief description of some applications to several meteorite problems not previously mentioned. The details presented here are minimal, and intended to illustrate that even though our understanding of some of the basics is still incomplete, there is considerable potential for the application of the work to a variety of geological problems. 

Although more studies have been carried out with rodents than with ruminants. It Is less easy to generalise about (and hence predict) the behaviour of ether-linked 0 -glucosides in the mono-gastric animal. Much of this work has been previously reviewed (1) but a brief summary here will put the more recently published work Into context. 

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