Breeding soybeans

Brim, C.A. Quantative genetics and breeding. Soybeans Improvement, Production and Uses B.E. 

Burton, J.W. Quantitative genetics results relevant to soybean breeding. Soybeans Improvement, Production and Uses, Second ed. J.R. Wilcox, Ed. Agron. Monogr. 16. ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Madison, WI, 1987 pp. 211-247. 

Koiakowska, A., Zygadlik, B., and Szczygielski, M. 1998. Susceptibility of muscle lipids in pigs to oxidation depending on breed soybean or rapeseed diet, Pol. J. Food Nutr. ScL, 7/48, 4, 655. 

Pea.nuts, The proteins of peanuts are low in lysine, threonine, cystine plus methionine, and tryptophan when compared to the amino acid requirements for children but meet the requirements for adults (see Table 3). Peanut flour can be used to increase the nutritive value of cereals such as cornmeal but further improvement is noted by the addition of lysine (71). The trypsin inhibitor content of raw peanuts is about one-fifth that of raw soybeans, but this concentration is sufficient to cause hypertrophy (enlargement) of the pancreas in rats. The inhibitors of peanuts are largely inactivated by moist heat treatment (48). As for cottonseed, peanuts are prone to contamination by aflatoxin. FDA regulations limit aflatoxin levels of peanuts and meals to 100 ppb for breeding beef catde, breeding swine, or poultry 200 ppb for finishing swine 300 ppb for finishing beef catde 20 ppb for immature animals and dairy animals and 20 ppb for humans. 

W. Shurdeff, "Breeding and Marketing Soybeans for Eood Uses A Blueprint for Changing Our Seed Company s Basic Mission," presented at Incoming S ojbean Technical Mission, sponsored by Ontario Soybean Growers Marketing Board, Harrow Research Station, Harrow, Ontario, Canada, Oct. 18,1994. 

Effect of Six Decades of Selective Breeding on Soybean Protein Composition and Quality A Biochemical and Molecular Analysis (from Mahmoud et ah, 2006)... 

Mahmoud, A. A. Natarajan, S. S. Bennett, J. O. Mawhinney, T. R Wiebold, W. J. Krishnan, H. B. Effect of Six Decades of Selective Breeding on Soybean Protein Composition and Quality A Biochemical and Molecular Analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 3916-3922. 

Canola meal has also been used successfully in diets for breeding poultry (Kiiskinen, 1989), growing turkeys (Waibel et al., 1992) and ducks and geese (Jamroz et al., 1992). The lower ME content of canola meal relative to other protein sources such as soybean meal limits its use in conventional broiler diets, but it can be used in organic broiler diets formulated to a lower ME content than conventional diets. 

Takahashi, K., Banba, H., Kikuchi, A., Ito, M., Nakamura, S. 1994. An induced mutant line lacking the a-subunit of P-conglycinin in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merril). Breeding Sci 44 65-66. 

Seedfats are characterized by low contents of saturated fatty acids. They contain palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Sometimes unusual fatty acids may be present, such as erucic acid in rapeseed oil. Recent developments in plant breeding have made it possible to change the fatty acid composition of seed oils dramatically. Rapeseed oil in which the erucic acid has been replaced by oleic acid is known as canola oil. Low linolenic acid soybean oil can be obtained, as... 

In the Midwest the wind blows across fields of corn, soybeans, wheat, and wind turbines—wind turbines It turns out that the wind that seems to blow almost continuously across the plains is now becoming the latest cash crop. One of these new-breed wind farmers is Daniel Juhl, who recently erected 17 wind turbines on six acres of land near Woodstock, Minnesota. These turbines can generate as much as 10 megawatts (MW) of electricity, which Juhl sells to the local electrical utility. 

With the prospect of increased use of soybean in human foods an effort is being made to breed varieties having a lower lipoxygenase level. Hammond and his co-workers have had encouraging results in their first efforts (83) and have noted that the lipoxygenase content is influenced by the genotype of the maternal parent. 

Selective hydrogenation to lower the concentrations of linolenate or linolenate and linoleate has been practiced to improve the oxidative stability of soybean oil. The linolenate concentration of soybean oil also can be altered by mutation breeding and genetic engineering (296). 

Soybean, com and sunflower oil content can also be manipulated by plant breeding (47, 48). Historic attempts to increase oil content of soy have lowered protein production (47). If the domestic demand for soybean biodiesel increases in North America, diversion of plant photosynthate from meal to oil production may prove advantageous and limit market distortions. 

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