Wind turbines turbine designs

M Advances in wind turbine blade design and materials... 

Griffin, D.A. and AshwUl, T.D. (2003), Alternative composite materials for mega-watt-scale wind turbine blades Design considerations and recommended testing , Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 125, p. 515. 

Advances in wind turbine blade design and materials Edited by Povl Br ndsted and Rogier P. E Nijssen... 

Burton, T, D. Sharpe, D. Jenkins, and E. Bossanyi. 2001. Wind Energy Handbook. New York John Wiley Sons. Although beginning with a chapter on wind as a basic resource, the primary focus of this book is on wind turbine aerodynamics, design, installation, and control. 

From a spatial perspective, the characteristic of both wind and solar is that they are diffuse resources. This results in projects spread over areas as least as large as fossil-fuel power plants. For wind, the other important characteristic is that it is site specific, so that a wind resource must be developed exactly on the site where sufficient wind is available it cannot be moved to a more convenient location. This implies built-in potential for direct conflicts with whatever may exist already in the same place. A third salient consideration is that no matter how the wind turbines are designed, painted, erected, or spaced to make them less obtmsive or annoying, they cannot be made invisible. Consequently, controversy over their deployment should have been anticipated. One of the best-known examples of such controversy is found near Palm Springs, California (Pasqualetti, 2001, 2002). Two others, less familiar, include the proposal for the Isle of Lewis, in the U.K. and another planned for La Venta, in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. 

Jan C. J. Bart, Emanuele Gucciardi and Stefano Cavallaro A1 Wind turbine blade design and materials Improving reliability, cost and performance... 

Fig. 1. Simple illustration of the basic design of the wind turbine rotor blade scanner.

Most turbines are designed to rotate at a constant speed over a specific range of wind speed conditions. The generators in these turbines produce electricity compatible with the established grid system into which electricity is fed. Operating the turbine at variable rotor speeds increases the range of wind speeds over which the turbine operates. The amount of energy produced annually is increased as well. However, sophisticated power electronics is required to convert the electricity to the gi id standard frequency. 

A modern VAWT that relies upon aerodynamic drag is known as a Savonius wind turbine. Sigurd Savomus, a Finnish inventor, developed this design in 1924. Two S-shaped panels are arranged to cup the... 

There are no electrolyzers developed specifically for operation with wind turbines. However, the rapid response of electrochemical systems to power variations makes them suitable "loads" for wind turbines. Industrial electrolyzers are designed for continuous operation, mainly because their elevated investment cost requires high-capacity factors for reasonable payback times, but they are subject to a considerable number of current interruptions through their lifetime due to occasional power interruptions, accidental trips of safety systems, and planned stops for maintenance. Current interruptions are more frequent in specialty applications, where electrolyzers supply hydrogen "on demand." Therefore, the discontinuous use of the equipment is not new, and most commercial electrolyzers may be used in intermittent operation although a significant performance decrease is expected with time. In fact, it is not power variation, but current interruptions that may cause severe corrosion problems to the electrodes, if the latter are not protected by the application of a polarization current when idle. 

ENERCON GmbH, founded in 1984, mainly manufactures and designs wind turbines. To support turbine installation, the firm operates mobile cranes of up to 800 tons special transporters for blades and towers and hundreds of service vehicles. The firm s turbines have featured gearless systems since 1992, allowing the turbines to operate with fewer rotating parts, resulting in almost frictionless performance. ENERCON currently offers six different turbine... 

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