Swine finisher

Pea.nuts, The proteins of peanuts are low in lysine, threonine, cystine plus methionine, and tryptophan when compared to the amino acid requirements for children but meet the requirements for adults (see Table 3). Peanut flour can be used to increase the nutritive value of cereals such as cornmeal but further improvement is noted by the addition of lysine (71). The trypsin inhibitor content of raw peanuts is about one-fifth that of raw soybeans, but this concentration is sufficient to cause hypertrophy (enlargement) of the pancreas in rats. The inhibitors of peanuts are largely inactivated by moist heat treatment (48). As for cottonseed, peanuts are prone to contamination by aflatoxin. FDA regulations limit aflatoxin levels of peanuts and meals to 100 ppb for breeding beef catde, breeding swine, or poultry 200 ppb for finishing swine 300 ppb for finishing beef catde 20 ppb for immature animals and dairy animals and 20 ppb for humans. 

Langlois. B. E. Cromwel1. G. L. Hays. V. W. Influence of type of antibiotic and length of antibiotic feeding period on performance and persistence of antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria in growing finishing swine. J. Animal Sci.. 1978, 46. 1383. 

Growing- Finishing Swine Dairy Cows Laying Hens Beef Feeders... 

For swine, low-fiber sunflower meal is inferior to soybean meal as the sole source of supplemental protein. This inferior performance is the result of lower palatability and nutrient content. In swine rations, with 20-30% of the protein from sunflower meal, rates of gain are similar to soybean meal, but larger quantities of meal are required. Lysine supplementation reduces this requirement. Studies have indicated that sunflower meal can effectively replace 50% of the soybean meal in growing-finishing swine rations. Higher rates of utilization are possible as animals increase in weight because of the decreased requirement for essential amino acids (38). 

Cromwell, G.L. M.D. Lindemann J.H. Randolph G.R. Parker R.D. Coffey K.M. Laurent C.L. Armstrong W.B. Mikel E.P. Stanisiewski G.R Hartnell. Soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans in diets for growing-finishing swine./. Anim. Sci. 2002, 80, 708—715. 

Soybean products are excellent sources of protein and energy for beef cattle. Approximately 7.0% of the SBM utilized in the United States is fed to beef catde. This is a much smaller portion than the quantities utilized by swine and poultry (Fig. 18.1). The purpose of this section is to describe the reason for this relationship and how recent research may increase the use of SBM in beef cattle diets in the future. With over 40 million growing and finishing beef cattle produced in the United States each year, this is a huge potential market for soybean products. To understand why only 7% of the SBM consumed by livestock and poultry is fed to beef catde, one has to begin with a discussion of the digestive physiology of ruminants. 

Fastinger, N.D. D.C. Mahan. Effect of soybean meal particle size on AA and energy digestibility in grower-finisher swine./. Anim. Sci. 2003, 81, 697-704. 

Kornegay, E.T. Soybean hull digestibility by sows and feeding value for growing-finishing swine. /. Anim. Sci. 1981,53, 138-145. 

Pig trials were conducted at the Kingsville Swine Unit of Texas A M University in the USA. The unit is a farrow-to-finish operation and has been in production for approximately 25 years. This facility has experienced episodic problems with post-weaning scours, which on occasion has resulted in relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. 

Maize and peanut products intended for breeding beef cattle/swine or mature poultry Maize and peanut products intended for finishing swine of 100 pounds or greater... 

Shackelford, S.D., Miller, M.F., Hayden, K.D., Lovegren, N.V., Lyon, C.E. and Reagan, J.O. (1990) Acceptability of bacon as influenced by the feeding of elevated levels of monounsaturated fats to growing-finishing swine. J. Food Sci. 55, 621-624. 

Myer, et. al. (1975) replaced soybean meal by LPC in the diets of growing finishing swine. In one study LPC was included at levels of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 24% in a barley-based diet. Growth at all levels was excellent, indicating that alfalfa leaf... 

Wallace, H.D., Combs, G.E., and Houser, R.H., 1974, Florida grown bird resistant grain sorghum for growing-finishing swine,... 

FIGURE 18.1 Domestic animals that consume approximately 30% of the world cereal production and provide humankind with nearly all its meat, milk, and eggs, (a) Poultry (layers and broilers, courtesy of Alejandra Martinez, Ana Margarita Farm, Allende, N.L., Mexico), (b) Swine (piglets and finisher pig, courtesy of Alejandra Martinez, Ana Margarita Farm, Allende, N.L, Mexico). 

Asche, G.L., Lewis, A.J., Peo, E.R., and Crenshaw, J.D. 1985. The nntritional valne of normal and high lysine corns for weanling and growing-finishing swine when fed at fonr lysine levels. J. Anim. Sci. 60 1412. 

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