Breakdown point

FIGURE 6-3. Simplified Example of TQM Team Results Identification of Breakdown Points... 

User feedback should be obtained periodically, not just at the time of installation. As users gain familiarity with PSM systems, they may identify potential system breakdown points and improvement opportunities. In addition, evaluation of trends in the responses from survey to survey can help to Identify areas needing improvement and measure your success in improving systems. Where user survey responses suggest an improvement opportunity, you should involve those users in defining the opporhmity and in its analysis. The tools of Total Quality Management can be veiy useful in this effort. 

Electrical Stability of Emuisions. The electrical stability test indicates the stability of emulsions of water in oil. The emulsion tester consists of a reliable circuit using a source of variable AC current (or DC current in portable units) connected to strip electrodes. The voltage imposed across the electrodes can be increased until a predetermined amount of current flows through the mud emulsion-breakdown point. Relative stability is indicated as the voltage at the breakdown point. 

Silicon wafer has been extensively used in the semiconductor industry. CMP of silicon is one of the key technologies to obtain a smooth, defect-free, and high reflecting silicon surfaces in microelectronic device patterning. Silicon surface qualities have a direct effect on physical properties, such as breakdown point, interface state, and minority carrier lifetime, etc. Cook et al. [54] considered the chemical processes involved in the polishing of glass and extended it to the polishing of silicon wafer. They presented the chemical process which occurs by the interaction of the silicon layer and the... 

In actual practice, mechanical and electrical design factors usually require the cables to have layers of a certain thickness such that the electrical stress is far below the dielectric breakdown point. 

Hampel, F.R., The breakdown points of the mean combined with some rejection rules, Technometrics, 27, 95-107, 1985. 

Tyler, D.E., Finite-sample breakdown points of projection-based multivariate location and scatter statistics, Ann. Stat., 22, 1024-1044, 1994. 

Rousseeuw, P.J., Multivariate estimation with high breakdown point, in Mathematical Statistics and Applications, Vol. B, Grossmann, W., Pflug, G., Vincze, I., and Wertz, W., Eds., Reidel Publishing, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1985, pp. 283-297. 

Mizera, I. and Muller, C.H., Breakdown points and variation exponents of robust M-estimators in linear models, Am. Stat., 27, 1164—1177, 1999. 

Yohai, V.J., High breakdown point and high efficiency robust estimates for regression, Ann. Stat., 15, 642-656, 1987. 

The important open question is precisely what happens just after the first bond is fused or broken. There is no precise answer, and it seems that the efforts in the future will be concentrated in this direction. We reported that the current belief is that in the lattice models, after the failure of the first bond, a cascading effect occurs and the failure propagates, even when the current or the voltage across the sample is kept constant at the first failure value. However, this dynamic problem has not been solved yet. Very recently of course Zapperi et al. (1997) have confirmed the critical divergence of breadown susceptibility x the breakdown point in the random fuse some other models, as discussed in the section 2.3.7(b). They also argued that this divergence of % = / nP n)dn " suggests... 

Detail-Filtered One-Level Decomposition The detail-filtered (high-pass) coefficients of the first resolution level represent a new type of descriptor that reveals special aspects of data, like trends, breakdown points, and discontinuities in higher derivatives. It is useful as alternative molecular representation for neural networks in classification and prediction tasks (Figure 5.20). 

Reveals special aspects of data, like trends, breakdown points, and discontinuities in higher derivatives. 

The first appearance of a greenish tinge in the burner flame (which is adjusted to a height of about 7.5 cm, 3 inches) is taken as the breakdown point, and the elapsed time recorded as accelerated carbon tetrachloride service time . The adsorption tube-to-burner connection is then broken and the effluent carbon tetrachloride-air mixtures vented to a hood. 

Liebscher, S., Kirschstein, T., and Becker, G. RDELA—a Delaunay-triangulation-based, location and covariance estimator with high breakdown point. Statistics and Computing,... 

It is interesting to mention that the addition of azoisobutyrodinitrile, which in this case is a supplementary source of free radicals and hence sharply accelerates decomposition of the substance, leads to decomposition at considerably lower temperatures than the breakdown point of all the remaining samples, which are greatly heated during prolonged deformation. This clearly shows the subordinate role of heat formation in... 

The peak power rating is limited by the voltage breakdown potential between the inner and outer conductors of the Hne. The breakdown point is independent of frequency. It varies, however, with the line pressure (for an air-dielectric cable) and the type of pressurizing gas. 

Substituting the hydrostatic, FTS, and frictional and dynamic models from Chapter 3 into Equation (3.3), the total ID pressure drop for the LAD channel in 1-g steady flow is determined, and the model can be used to predict the breakdown point as a function of the liquid temperature and mass flow rate through the LAD. To demonstrate general model trends and predictions, setting Equation (3.3) equal to the bubble point pressure in Equation (3.16), one can then simulate LAD outflow in an inverted 1 -g configuration in LHa for the LAD channels and test conditions that would be typical of an in-space propellant transfer. For a fixed 325 X 2300 screen mesh and LAD channel geometry, examination of the hydrostatic, FTS, frictional, and dynamic pressure drop equations show that the steady state pressure drop is a function of LAD dimensions, liquid temperature, pressure, and mass flow rate. 

Nonetheless, since the channels had slightly different pre-test bubble points, it is not advisable to compare the breakdown points on an absolute scale. Rather, relative trends in performance between the two channels are considered. This is also precisely why it was desired to conduct tests with the TVS cooled LAD channel with the TVS engaged and... 

Figure 9.25 plots the exposed screen length for the 325 x 2300 standard channel as a function of tank liquid temperature and LAD outflow rate. Figure 9.25a plots the breakdown point the moment a pressurant gas buhhle was visible in the sight glass while Figure 9.25b plots the breakdown point when the LAD had ingested a steady stream of bubbles (i.e., complete failure). Error bars are plotted for reference. 

In addition, the simplified ID steady state pressure drop model for screen channel liquid acquisition devices has been developed and compared to the FTS, horizontal LAD, and full-scale LAD outflow experimental data. Both experimental data and model confirm that, in 1-g outflow from a cryogenic propellant tank, the hydrostatic pressure drop is the leading order term, followed by the FTS pressure drop, and frictional and dynamic losses down the channel. The model qualitatively tracks the LH2 1-g inverted outflow test results the model predicts the breakdown point within 9% for the TVS cooled channel and 18% for the standard channel. Discrepancies between 1-g model and data are primarily attributed to a non-uniform FTS pressure distribution along the channel. Results show that both LAD channels behaved close to anticipated performance and that this simplified ID model can be used to qualitatively track LAD performance in a dynamic outflow environment. 

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