Brain regions cerebellum

Mirex was detected in the brains of male rats within 0.5-2 hours after receiving a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg mirex (Brown and Yarbrough 1988). By 96 hours, the following concentrations (pmol14 C-mirex/g) were measured in the brain regions cerebral cortex (0.47), cerebellum (0.50), brain stem (0.73), and spinal cord (0.75). Mirex was also distributed to the liver, kidneys, testes, and omental fat. Peak tissue concentrations of mirex in the kidneys, testes, liver, and omental fat occurred 12, 48,... 

RT-PCR, Southern blot, slot blot, immunobiot, and ICC reveal correlation of mRNA and CYP2D6 protein across 13 brain regions higher expression is seen in brains from alcoholics versus nonalcoholics. In hippocampus this was localized in CAl-3 pyramidal cells and dentate gyrus granular neurons. In cerebellum this was localized in Purkinje cells and their dendrites (Miksys et al., 2002). 

CYP2D6 mRNA and protein in human brain regions by RT-PCR, Northern blot, and Immunobiot, in situ hybridization and IHC shows constitutive CYP2D6 mRNA expression in neurons of cerebral cortex, Purkinje and granule cell layers of cerebellum, reticular neurons of midbrain and pyramidal neurons of C47, CA2, and CAS subfields of hippocampus. Protein found in cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, striatum, and thalamus of human brain. IHC shows CYP2D6 in dendrites of Purkinje and cortical neurons and neuronal soma (Chinta et al., 2002). 

Hopefully the combination of TMS with fMRI will enable the more precise location of the regional dysfunction in depression to be located and thereby enable the neuronal pathways concerned to be identified. To date, the early studies of TMS with fMRI have shown that the effects of TMS occur in brain regions distant from the site of stimulation, including the caudate, orbitofrontal cortex and the cerebellum. 

A global view of consciousness is that it is generated throughout the entire brain, as a result of synchronisation of relevant neural networks. Specific systems or regions—for example the cerebral cortex, brainstem reticular formation and thalamic nuclei—may be key anatomical integrators. Areas with the most widespread interconnections are pivotal, and on this basis the cortex and thalamus are more relevant than cerebellum and striatum for example. Frontal cortex for example connects with every other brain region, both in terms of input and output, with 80% of such connections accounted for by cortico-cortical connections. Thalamic intralaminar nuclei are, in conjunction with the reticular nucleus, reciprocally connected to all cortical areas. By contrast the cerebellum has very few output pathways and striatal-cortical input is (via the thalamus) confined to frontal lobe. 

The hippocampus is characterized by a series of glutamatergic neurons, which can create rhythms of electrical activity necessary for the generation of memory traces in the brain. The cerebellum, a region dedicated to the temporal processing of motor and cognitive in-... 

Alcohol is interesting in that its potentiating effects seem to be brain region specific, that is, GABA receptors in the cerebellum, cortex, and spinal cord seem to be more sensitive to alcohol than those in other brain regions. Expression studies have also shown that a specific form of yj subunit appears to be crucial [see below). 

Distribution studies of [3h]SNB in selected brain regions revealed concentrations from 10.4 nmol/g in cerebellum to 16.4 nmol/g in anterior cingulate cortex. Another study3 showed that radioactivity from administration of [3h]SNA was distributed almost... 

The mRNA coding for 5-HT6 receptor has been localized in the rat brain by Northern blot, PCR, and in situ hybridization (206,207,213,214) (see also Fig. 10) and the protein by immunohistochemistry (213). The first and more detailed description on the localization of mRNA coding for 5-HT6 receptor was published by Ward and co-workers (215), reporting that the main rat brain regions where this receptor is expressed is the pyramidal layer of the olfactory tubercle, islands of Calleja, nucleus accumbens, striatum, hippocampus, and piriform cortex. At moderate levels, it is expressed in other cortical areas, the olfactory bulb, some nuclei of the hypothalamus and amygdale, the habenula, and the cerebellum. No mRNA expression is found in the raphe nucleus. These results were confirmed later (204). 

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