Bone delivery

These compounds with three-membered ring are likely to present interesting biological properties by themselves or as new conjugates for bone delivery-targeting of drugs. 

Karen grew up in the 1950s in Tulsa, Oklahoma, a dry state at the time. Oklahoma Senate Bill No. 55, the Bone-Dry Law, was repealed in 1959. Karen recalled die bootlegger s back door deliveries to her parents house. 

Podsakoff GM, Engel BC, Carbonaro DA, Choi C, Smogorzewska EM, Bauer G, Selander D, Csik S, Wilson K, Betts MR, Koup RA, Nabel GJ, Bishop K, King S, Schmidt M, von KaUe C, Church JA, Kohn DB (2005) Selective survival of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with HIV-1 following delivery of an anti-HIV gene to bone marrow CD34(+) cells. Mol Ther... 

Lucas, P. A., Laurencin, C., Syftestad, G. T., Domb, A., Goldberg, V. M., Caplan, A. I., and Langer, R., Ectopic induction of cartilage and bone by water-soluble proteins from bovine bone using a polyanhydride delivery vehicle, J. Control. Rel. In Press. 

Recently, water-soluble protein fractions, isolated from extracts of bone matrix, were incorporated into a collagen matrix and shown to induce bone (67,68) and cartilage formation both in vitro and in vivo (69,70). In the latter studies, in the absence of the collajgen delivery system, the proteins were incapable of inducing cartilage formation in vivo when implanted intramuscularly into mice. The success of this approach appears to depend on delivering the active agents at an effective dose over an extended time period. 

Changing the distribution of a drug can lead to toxic effects not described before. It is possible that after liposomal delivery high concentrations of drugs (e.g., cytotoxic drugs) inside macrophages affect these cells detrimentally (Poste and Kirsch, 1983). This results in toxic effects in liver, spleen, and bone marrow which were not previously associated with the use of these drugs. 

While this book is focused on drug delivery, the value of biodegradable polymers is not limited to this field. Biodegradable polymers will be useful in other areas of medical therapeutics, such as sutures and bone plates and other types of prostheses. The polymers will also be useful in nonmedical fields, for disposable plastics, bottles, diapers and many other entities. 

Meat producers often experience difficulty co-ordinating the complex management of production, processing, delivery and sales system required to target the restaurant market. Compared with wholesalers, individual restaurants do not use large quantities of meat. It would be advantageous for the farmer to be near a large metropolitan area with numerous restaurants. Access to a variety of restaurants will allow the farmer to use up more of his animal. The norm is for the farmer to establish a route and deliver once or twice a week. The farmer could also sell meat bones to chefs who appreciate the quality for soup stock. 

Schiraldi et al. [64] have developed this kind of material by combining silica particles and pHEMA. pHEMA is a biocompatible hydrogel that has been widely studied in the past decades due to its chemical-physical structure and mechanical properties. It has been widely used in ophthalmic prostheses (contact or intraocular lenses), vascular prostheses, drug delivery systems and soft-tissue replacement [65]. These authors have shown that by incorporating silica nanoparticles, the resulting hybrid material is highly biocompatible and promotes bone cell adhesion and proliferation of bone cells seeded on it.1 ... 

Ordered mesoporous silica have already been studied as carriers for drug delivery [1,2] recently, their use has also been proposed in bone tissue engineering [3,4], in combination with bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds [5,6]. The kinetics of ibuprofen release in SBF [7] from MCM-41 silica with similar pore diameter has shown puzzling discontinuities [3,6,8] aim of the present work is to assess whether these anomalies may be related to structural changes in the MCM-41 mesoporous spheres under the adopted conditions. 

Akagi et al. demonstrated the use of nanoparticles composed of amphiphilic poly (amino acid) derivatives as vaccine delivery and adjuvants [62, 102-104]. To evaluate the uptake of OVA encapsulated within y-PGA-Phe nanoparticles (OVA-NPs) by DCs, murine bone marrow-derived DCs were incubated with 250 nm-sized OVA-NPs for 30 min at 37 °C. The cells were then analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). OVA-NPs were efficiently taken up into DCs, whereas the uptake of OVA alone was barely detectable at the same concentration of OVA (Fig. 13). OVA-NPs were more efficiently taken up than OVA alone by DCs, and the uptake of OVA-NPs was inhibited at 4 °C. These results suggest that OVA-NPs were phagocytosed mainly via endocytosis by the DCs. In the case of OVA alone, an approximately 30-fold... 

PGA was one of the very first degradable polymers ever investigated for biomedical use. PGA found favor as a degradable suture, and has been actively used since 1970 [45 -7]. Because PGA is poorly soluble in many common solvents, limited research has been conducted with PGA-based drug delivery devices. Instead, most recent research has focused on short-term tissue engineering scaffolds. PGA is often fabricated into a mesh network and has been used as a scaffold for bone [48-51], cartilage [52-54], tendon [55, 56], and tooth [57]. 

Reliable correlations were found between lead concentrations in the soil and the incidence rates in the population of Dnepropetrovsk. In the adults, the pollution levels were associated with complications in pregnancy and delivery, diseases of urogenital, nervous and bone-and-muscular system, blood problems and tumors. In the children, the blood, blood forming organs, respiratory system and the muscles and bones were most frequently affected. 

---