Bombers

Initially, DADC polymers were used in military aircraft for windows of fuel and deicer-fluid gauges and in glass-fiber laminates for wing reinforcements of B-17 bombers. Usage in impact-resistant, lightweight eyewear lenses has grown rapidly and is now the principal appHcation. Other uses include safety shields, filters for photographic and electronic equipment, transparent enclosures, equipment for office, laboratory, and hospital use, and for detection of nuclear radiation. 

One of the first applications of the Redux process was in construction of structural aluminum parts for the de Havilland bomber Sea Hornet produced during World War II ([198], pp. 80-81 [202,203]). In the original fonn, it consisted of a two-part adhesive including a low viscosity liquid phenolic known... 

The Mosquito was made almost entirely of wood and for that reason was nearly canceled by the British before it was even built wood aircraft were viewed as fragile and slow based on the previous 40 years of aerospace history. Fortunately the designers of the Mosquito were able to overcome this bias and the Mosquito went on to become one of the best-performing fighter/bombers of the war. 

The military has historically led the way in the development and application of adhesive bonding on aircraft. This practice continues today, primarily with bombers, fighter and attack aircraft where weight is a critical consideration, but also with support craft such as reconnaissance aircraft and freighters. 

Because of this continued emphasis on adhesive bonding technology development over the years, the airframes of modem front-line aircraft such as the B-2 bomber and the F-117 and F-22 fighters are largely structurally bonded advanced composites. They tend to be comprised of materials that are more advanced (expensive) than commercial aircraft such as carbon and boron fiber reinforcements with cyanate esters, bismaleimides, polyimides or other high-temperature resin matrices and adhesives. 

The B-2 stealth bomber in Figure 1-38 is made by Northrop Grumman. Virtually all external parts are made of various composite materials because of their radar-absorption characteristics and/or their capability to be formed to shapes that naturally lower the radar cross section of the plane. However, the details are not publicly available, nor are they for the Lockheed Martin F-117A stealth fighter. 

Figure 1-38 B-2 Stealth Bomber (Courtesy of Northrop Grumman)...

Example 4.—The following fighter-bomber dual illustrates a continuous game.15 The payoff (given by the probability of hitting) when... 

T. E. Caywood and C. J. Thomas, Applications of Game Theory in Fighter versus Bomber Combat, Operations Research, 3, No. 4, 402 (1958). 

For this model the frequency function of the bomber s optimal strategy, as obtained through game theoretic analysis, is... 

It is assumed that the probability that the fighter hits the bomber is the same as that of the bomber hitting the fighter. 

Pandora. A WWII code name for the Long Aerial Mine, which consisted of an expl charge attached to 2000 ft of cable. The object of this RAF innovation was to tow the charge behind a Havoc aircraft and train it in the path of Ger bombers. It did not prove successful, and the idea was abandoned in November 1941 Ref J. Quick, Dictionary of Weapons and Military Terms , McGraw-Hill, NY (1973)... 

During the Battle of the Bulge alone, these flares were credited with preventing more than 100 bombers from crashing... 

In 1944 Wellington bomber R for Robert was on a training mission in Scotland. During the course of the exercise the plane experienced difficulties and was forced to ditch into Loch Ness with the loss of one crewman. The bomber settled on the bottom of the lakebed and lay undisturbed for years. Divers discovered her 10 years ago in a remarkable state of preservation and a decision was taken to raise her from the lake and undertake a complete renovation of the aircraft. Among the items found on board was an Elsan toilet, undamaged and in excellent condition. The problems of maintaining and sanitising toilets on wartime aircraft were not key issues at that time, but today this aspect is extremely important in civil aviation. 

During World War II, nylon became an Allied weapon, along with Carothers Neoprene, Midgley s tetraethyl lead and Freon, and DDT (Chapter 8). The military diverted all available nylon for use in parachutes, airplane tire cords, glider towropes, tents, and the like. Nylon tires enabled bombers and carrier planes fueled with tetraethyl lead to withstand overloading. 

Jaworska, J.S., Bomber, M., Auer, C. and Van Leeuwen, C.J. (2003). Summary of a workshop on regulatory acceptance of (Q)SARs for human health and environmental endpoints. Environmental Health Perspective 111 1358-1360. 

Bomber AM, Equillor HE, Oliveira AA (1994) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 177 27... 

In twenty successive waves, the Heinckel bombers flew to Krakow and Lwow and Lublin. If you except twelve of every hundred incendiaries they dropped, all the fires in those cities had been kindled at Farben-Bitterfeld and Aken. 

Shoe Bomber — Richard C. Reid is currently awaiting trial in the U.S. for allegedly trying to set off a bomb hidden in his footwear during a flight from Paris to Miami on December 22, 2001. Two suspects from Pakistan and three from North Africa are also being detained for possible involvement. 

With minor modifications that rubber is still used for passenger cars. It is not suitable for large trucks and bomber tires because of the excess of heat build-up in operation. Before the end of the rubber program, two of the companies, Firestone and Goodrich, had developed processes that produced rubber essentially like natural rubber. Firestone used a lithium catalyst for the polymerization, and Goodrich used a modified Ziegler catalyst. These materials were manufactured for a while until the oil prices became too prohibitive and the natural rubber was again used for heavy-duty tires. 

Parachini, J. V. 2000. The World Trade Center bombers (1993). In Toxic terror Assessing terrorist use of chemical and biological weapons, ed. J. B. Tucker, 185-206. Cambridge, MA MIT Press. 

Maybe we ask post-9/11 -related questions because of who we are, what we are, and what we are not. That is, because we are Americans we are free, uninhibited thinkers who think what we say and say what we think—isn t America great Most Americans are soft-hearted and sympathetic to those in need—compassion is the very nature and soul of being American. Americans are not born terrorists they are not born into a terrorist regime they are not raised with fear in their hearts—they are not afraid every time they leave their homes and go about their daily business. Suicide bombers and other like terrorists are those that occupy some other faraway place, definitely not America, and they are definitely not American. Right ... 

The unusual danger to pubHc safety in the case of peroxide explosives is not their explosive performance but their ease of initiation and the ease with which terrorists have acquired and used the materials for their synthesis, although synthesis is actually quite hazardous. Both TATP and HMTD are classed as primary explosives. For example, Richard Reid, the would-be shoe bomber, used TATP as part of his firing train in the attempted bombing of a US airfiner in December 2001, or the use of HMTD in the London bombings of 7 July 2005. HMTD was also one of the materials prepared and carried over the US/Canadian border in December 1999 by Ahmed Ressam as the ingredient for the initiators of his devices. 

First suicide bomber. National Airlines demands for baggage inspection... 

The Stealth Bomber, more accurately known as the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber, is cited as the largest composite structure produced with over 30%i of the weight being carbon-graphite-epoxy composites. The Stealth Bomber was originally slated to hunt Russian mobile missiles that were built in the 1980s. It was deployed in 1993 and has a... 

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