Blow-molded containers, packaging

Mica flakes embedded in a polymer and properly oriented in a plane can provide a tortuous path to vapors and liquids, similarly to the natural composites shown in Figure 1.1. Barrier properties can be imparted in blow-molded containers, packaging films, and corrosion-resistant coatings not only by mica but also by other impermeable lamellar fillers, including glass flakes, talc, and nanoclays. In blown LDPE film, the addition of 10% mica was found to reduce the oxygen permeabihty from 4.16 to 3.03 Barrer [37]. Assuming an impermeable, fully oriented lamellar filler, Eq. (8.1), [38] maybe used to predict the composite permeability. Pc, perpendicularly to the filler plane as a function of the matrix permeability, P , filler volume fraction, V(, matrix volume fraction, V , and filler aspect ratio a... 

Hot-Fill Applications. A growing market for blow-molded containers is the so-called hot-fill market. This covers such items as tomato ketchup, pasteurized fmit juices, and salad dressings that are packaged while sti11 hot. The PET blow-molded bottie suffers from its relatively low T (70°C) which results in severe bottie distortion if the temperature of the contents approaches T (the maximum fill temperature is 60 65 C). A brief heat... 

Blow-molded containers, hot fill applications for, 20 50-52 Blow molded food packaging, 18 49-51 Blow-mold-fill-seal food packaging, 18 51 Blow molding, 10 179, 193-194 19 553-554 23 399 ABS, 1 427 HDPE, 20 171-172 LDPE, 20 237 LLDPE, 20 200... 

P.Y.212 is not recommended for exterior use, but provides an excellent value for interior applications such as packaging and household durables of all types. Pigment Yellow 212 is tinctorially quite strong as metallized azos go and exhibits very good dimensional stability, making it very useful in molded items such as blow molded containers. 

Packaging films (extruded, blown, and cast) are used in pressure-sensitive tapes and electrical applications and as replacements for cellophane and glassine films in liners for cereal boxes, wraps for snack foods, cigarettes, bread, and cheese. Blow-molded containers are used in applications where the higher use temperature of polypropene is needed (compared to HDPE), such as in packaging of syrups that are hot-filled. 

Extrusion. Sheet, film, and profiled articles are made by extrusion (20). The resin is melted and forced through a die plate or head. Variations include multilayer and blown film applications. In multilayer coextrusions, different combinations of plastics are separately but concurrently extruded to form layered sheet or film. In the packaging industry, specialty resins such as high barrier ethylene—vinyl alcohol copolymers are combined with heat- and impact-resistant thermoplastics for food packages. The properties of each resin layer are additive, as opposed to the "averaging of property" in blends. Multilayers are also used for blow-molded containers, films, and sheet products (see also Film AND sheeting materials). 

Due to its particularly good polymer characteristics PVC has an enormously wide spectrum of applications. From the consumption of more than 5.5 x 106 t in Western Europe (1997), 60% is in the building field, with a tendency to rise. Blow molded containers for packaging liquid products (beverages, edible oils, detergents, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals) receive special consideration, as do dishes for fatty foods (highly... 

The easy processability of the polyolefins permits ready fabrication by nearly all conventional processes. This versatility, plus their low cost, low density, and excellent balance of physical properties, gives them wide applicability in many different end-use fields. We now encounter polyolefins in our daily lives in the form of fibers (e.g., indoor-outdoor carpeting, underwear, and upholstery), film (packaging), blow-molded containers (squeeze bottles, detergent bottles), injection molded articles (housewares, appliance housings, auto parts), and extrusions (wire insulation, pipe). Statistics on major applications and accounts of new developments are published regularly (22). 

The additives in PVC bottles for cooking oil and other food products must have FDA clearance. For flexible packaging materials, the most common stabilizers are mixed metals such as barium-zinc and calcium-zinc, which replaced the older cadmium-zinc formulations. For rigid blow molded containers and calendered sheets, or-... 

Packaging is by far the largest outlet bottle caps, small jars and other injection-molded containers, blow-molded containers, toughened polystyrene liners (vacuum formed) for boxed goods, and oriented polystyrene film for foodstuffs are some of its uses. 

Table 2 shows how PE is used in Western Europe, Japan, and North America. LDPE and LLDPE are sold in the same market, primarily for thin film for packaging. HDPE is used for it s superior mechanical properties and hence resistance to enviromnental stress cracking in blow-molded containers, both for the domestic market (bleach, detergent, and milk) and for industrial containers also. All three types of PE are used in injection molding applications to produce housewares, toys, and industrial containers. LDPE is used if flexibility is required, HDPE is used if strength is more important. 

Containers and Blow/molding process Packaging industry, especially food and drinks,... 

PE/PA lightly compatibilized blends with lamellar morphology offer better oxygen barrier properties for consumer packaging as well as for blow molded containers. 

Standing heat resistance. Major uses indude transportation crates, caps, blow-molded containers and films. For injection molded HOPE, new types have become available enabling warp-free formulations to be produced. Selected grades are suitable for food packaging and toys, and meet national and international regulations induding FDA (USA), FPL (France), BgW (Germany) JHP/JHOSPA (Japan), TOYS and CON EG, EEG 94/62. 

Some corrosive chemical solutions which are inert to polyethylene that were packaged in blow-molded containers using LDPE are listed below and were some of the first applications for high-pressure LDPE. 

Just as in the production of film, coextrusion is now an essential technique in the production of high performance blow molded containers. The parison is coextruded with a number of different layers, each of which contributes an important property to the finished package. 

HDPE accounts for about 42 percent of the domestic polyethylene market. It is harder, more rigid, and less waxy in appearance than HP-LDPE. Its higher density gives it better gas barrier properties. Because it softens above 100°C, containers made with HDPE can be sterilized, but those made with LDPE cannot. It is extruded into pipe, trash bags, food packaging, multiwalled sack liners, wire and cable coverings, and thick industrial film. A large application is for blow-molded containers and housewares. 

Blow-molded products represent the biggest use of HDPE resins, at around 40%. Packaging appHcations account for by far the greatest share of this market. These include such products as botties (especially for milk, juice, and soap), housewares, toys, pails, dmms, and tanks. Expected aimual average growth rates for these appHcations are about 5—6%. Injection-molding products are the second largest appHcation, with approximately 20% of the HDPE market. These products include housewares, toys, food containers, pails, crates, and cases. 

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