Matrix volume fraction

Similar to prepared metallographic samples, the injection molded samples were cut along the flow direction, smoothed, and polished in order to expose their internal surface. After proper etching, the treated surfaces of the flank cross-section were photographed using a polarized light optical microscopy. Based on the color differences between the TLCP and matrix, volume fraction and aspect ratio of the TLCP fibers were measured [23]. 

Vf = volume fraction of fibers Vm = matrix volume fraction Ef = fiber tensile modulus Em = matrix tensile modulus... 

Starches and proteins are main ingredients in many food formulations. The mechanism of starch reinforcement in a protein-starch composite matrix relies upon the fractions of both macromolecules as well as the water availability, gelation temperature of a continuous matrix, volume fraction of the separated phase, or filler and mechanical strength of the fillers in relation to the continuous matrix, as previously described. Generally, the reinforcement could be obtained by increasing the volume fraction of the filler (Richardson et al., 1981 Ross-Murphy and Todd, 1983). 

Matrix volume fraction, stabilizer and fat content Viscosity when melting Thickness, mouth coating, gumminess... 

Figure 3.13. Calculated variation of total interfacial energy, E, with the matrix volume fraction (at constant grain volume) for various dihedral angles. The minimum values are shown by filled circles.

Resin type and degree of cure Interfacial bonding between fibre and matrix Volume fraction of fibres... 

Mica flakes embedded in a polymer and properly oriented in a plane can provide a tortuous path to vapors and liquids, similarly to the natural composites shown in Figure 1.1. Barrier properties can be imparted in blow-molded containers, packaging films, and corrosion-resistant coatings not only by mica but also by other impermeable lamellar fillers, including glass flakes, talc, and nanoclays. In blown LDPE film, the addition of 10% mica was found to reduce the oxygen permeabihty from 4.16 to 3.03 Barrer [37]. Assuming an impermeable, fully oriented lamellar filler, Eq. (8.1), [38] maybe used to predict the composite permeability. Pc, perpendicularly to the filler plane as a function of the matrix permeability, P , filler volume fraction, V(, matrix volume fraction, V , and filler aspect ratio a... 

The superscripts/and m over the elastic constants stand for fibre and matrix, respectively. The theoretical formulas to compute the elastic properties of a lamina are also dependent on fibre and matrix volume fractions. The fibre volume fraction and the matrix volume fraction are noted as Vf and respectively. The sum of volume fractions is... 

Figure 6.6 Rotational relaxation times of center-labeled polyisoprene (open points) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (filled points) as function of polyisoprene matrix volume fraction (p at temperatures (O, )4.4, (0, ) 25, and ( , ) 45.5 C, as tabulated by Johnson, et a/. (27). Lines are fits to stretched exponentials.

The next step is to determine the fiber and matrix volume fractions for each of the four candidate fiber materials. This is possible using the rule-of-mixtures expression. Equation 16.10b ... 

Table 16.7 Fiber and Matrix Volume Fractions for Glass and Three Carbon-Fiber Types as Required to Give a Composite Modulus of 69.3 GPa...

Gq = same for poj meric matrix = volume fraction of filler. 

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