Blood substitutes assay

Other CCR3-specific antagonists are characterized by the piperidine ureas (31-33), and the di-substituted pyrrolidine (34) (158). Again, a basic nitrogen, capable of protonation at physiologic pH, appears to be a common feature. It is important to note that the quaternary ammonium salt (32)demonstrates enhanced potency, relative to that of its parent (31) in binding, chemotaxis, and a whole-blood GAFS assay (Table 4.8) (159). 

The CALUX assay described in Section 6.1 has been applied to Ah receptor-active compounds (not limited to dioxins) in sediments and pore waters (Murk et al. 1996) and to blood with mixed results. Sensitivities as low as 0.5 fmol of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were reported. Two polychlorinated terphenyl mixtures, the PCB-substituted Ugilec 141, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and the PCB mixture Clophen 150 were tested in the CALUX assay and had induction potencies that were 10"4 to 10"7 compared to TCDD. Thus, this assay is more selective than earlier, induction-based assays, although clearly not as selective as GC/MS. 

Plasticised PVC was surface modified by nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atoms of PVC by sulphide ions in aqueous media in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. The modified PVC was sterilised by steam autoclaving and gamma irradiation and subjected to plasticiser extraction. Surfaces were evaluated by contact angle measurements, SEM, cell culture studies, haemolysis assay and whole-blood clotting time measurements. Mechanical properties were examined. 31 refs. 

The MIPs have also been utilized as the recognition elements in pseudoimmunoassays. " In this approach, MIPs are substituted for antibodies to quantify the amount of analyte in a biological sample, such as blood plasma. Most MIP immunoassays are competitive binding studies in which a radio- or fluorescent-labeled analyte is added to a mixture of the MIP and imlabeled analyte. After equilibrium is reached, some fraction of the labeled species is bound to the polymer surface and thus can be separated from the supernatant. The supernatant is then analyzed via scintillation or fluorescence techniques to determine the concentration of the original unlabeled analyte. Mosbach et al. have demonstrated that MIP-based immunoassays can rival the selectivity of antibody-based assays. Imprinted polymers for the opioid receptor ligands enkephalin and morphine were prepared and showed submicromolar (pM) level selectivity in a radioligand competition assay in aqueous buffers. The analysis... 

Independently Bunz et al. and Seeberger et al. have investigated the interaction of mannose-substituted PPEs 126, 128, and their model compound 127 with Concanavalin A. Quenching and formation of aggregates occurred [130,195]. It was shown that Escherichia co/i bacteria can be stained by mannose-containing PPEs 128 and less than 10 E. coli bacteria can be detected by fluorescence microscopy of the now fluorescent cells [195]. These polymers inhibit ConA-induced a lutination of sheep blood at very low concentrations. The fluorescent assay is obtained in a short time and does not need growth of bacteria in liquid media or on a plate and is therefore a conceptually valuable low-tech alternative to the classic tools of microbiology. 

Absorptiometric, Polarographic, and Gas Chromatographic Assays for the Determination of N-1-Substituted Nitroimidazoles in Blood and Urine J. Pharm. Sci. 59(2) 201-210 (1970) ... 

One monoamine oxidase has been found soluble in nature, and has been purified. This is the enzyme of blood serum, which has been purified 200-fold from steer plasma. The specificity of the serum enzyme is more restricted than those of the hver enzymes tryptamine and epinephrine are not oxidized rapidly, if at all, although phenylethylamine is a substrate. The polyamines spermine and spermidine are among the best substrates, and decamethylenediamine, but not shorter diamines, is also attacked. Aromatic substitutions on methylamine form substrates that permit spectrophotometric assays. Benzylamine and furfurylamine, for example, which do not absorb fight in the region used, are converted to benzaldehyde and furfuraldehyde, respectively these products have absorption maxima near 250 mja and 275 m/ . 

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