Blood metals

The RMBC assessed its regional public-health priorities and developed the following nine demonstration projects on the basis of the needs of the community possible correlation of exposure to arsenic in drinking water and type 2 diabetes, a spot blood metals-analysis feasibility study, health-clinic samples for chemical-terrorism baselines, of relationship between urine arsenic and metal concentrations and drinking-water exposure, assessment of exposure to VOCs from subsurface volatilization, cotinine concentrations associated with environmental tobacco smoke, assessment of exposure to mercury from ingestion of fish, analysis of radionuclides in urine, and biomonitoring of organophosphorus pesticides in urine (Utah Department of Health 2006). 

See also Blood Metals Poisoning Emergencies in Humans. 

Blood Metal from pharmaceutical drugs, poisons, contamination, etc. 

Bogden, J.D., Thind, I.S., Louria, D.B. and Caterini, H. (1978). Maternal and cord blood metal concentrations and low birth weight - a case-control study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 1181-1187... 

Atomic absorption using either flame or electrothermal atomization is widely used for the analysis of trace metals in a variety of sample matrices. Using the atomic absorption analysis for zinc as an example, procedures have been developed for its determination in samples as diverse as water and wastewater, air, blood, urine, muscle... 

Workers who produce or use lead should be aware of possible ha2ards. Symptoms of chronic lead poisoning include fatigue, headache, constipation, uneasy stomach, irritabiHty, poor appetite, metallic taste, weight loss, and loss of sleep. Most of these same symptoms also occur in many common illnesses, such as the flu, thus a physician must rely on tests, such as blood lead analysis, to determine chronic lead poisoning. 

Iron. The total body content of iron, ie, 3—5 g, is recycled more efficientiy than other metals. There is no mechanism for excretion of iron and what Httie iron is lost daily, ie, ca 1 mg in the male and 1.5 mg in the menstmating female, is lost mainly through exfoHated mucosal, skin, or hair ceUs, and menstmal blood (74—76). Common food sources rich in iron and other trace elements are Hsted in Table 10. 

Potassium [7440-09-7] K, is the third, element ia the aLkaU metal series. The name designation for the element is derived from potash, a potassium mineral the symbol from the German name kalium, which comes from the Arabic qili, a plant. The ashes of these plants al qili) were the historical source of potash for preparing fertilisers (qv) or gun powder. Potassium ions, essential to plants and animals, play a key role in carbohydrate metaboHsm in plants. In animals, potassium ions promote glycolysis, Hpolysis, tissue respiration, and the synthesis of proteins (qv) and acetylcholine. Potassium ions are also beheved to function in regulating blood pressure. 

Sevoflurane. Sevoflurane, l,l,l,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl fluromethyl ether [28523-86-6] is nonpungent, suggesting use in induction of anesthesia. The blood/gas partition coefficient is less than other marketed products (Table 1) yet similar to nitrous oxide, suggesting fast onset and recovery. In animal studies, recovery was faster for sevoflurane than for isoflurane, enflurane, or halothane (76). Sevoflurane is stable to light, oxygen, and metals (28). However, the agent does degrade in soda lime (77). 

Plasma processing technologies ate used for surface treatments and coatings for plastics, elastomers, glasses, metals, ceramics, etc. Such treatments provide better wear characteristics, thermal stability, color, controlled electrical properties, lubricity, abrasion resistance, barrier properties, adhesion promotion, wettability, blood compatibility, and controlled light transmissivity. 

Medical Uses. Citric acid and citrate salts are used to buffer a wide range of pharmaceuticals at their optimum pH for stabiUty and effectiveness (65—74). Effervescent formulations use citric acid and bicarbonate to provide rapid dissolution of active ingredients and improve palatabiUty. Citrates are used to chelate trace metal ions, preventing degradation of ingredients. Citrates are used to prevent the coagulation of both human and animal blood in plasma and blood fractionation. Calcium and ferric ammonium citrates are used in mineral supplements. 

Carhon monoxide Fuming of metallic oxides, gas-operated fork trucks Primary metals steel and aluminum Reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity of blood... 

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has been used for quality control and test analysis in many industries including computers, semiconductors, metals, cement, paper, and polymers. EDS has been used in medicine in the analysis of blood, tis-... 

---