Blood lead levels death

Death. Death can be the end result in cases of severe lead encephalopathy in both adults and children. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS 1972) analyzed unpublished data obtained from the patient populations reported in Chisolm (1962, 1965) and Chisolm and Harrison (1956) and concluded that the range of blood lead levels associated with death from lead encephalopathy in children was approximately 125-750 pg/dL (mean, 327 pg/dL). A case report described a 70-year-old female nursing home resident... 

Fed diets containing 25 mg Pb/kg, as lead nitrate, for 12 weeks No deaths no pathology no significant accumulations of lead in liver, kidney, or bone no changes in hemoglobin or hematocrit decrease in blood ALAD activity, and increase in blood lead levels — both returned to normal diet within 3 weeks on lead-free diet 8... 

Schober, S.E., L.B. Mirel, B.I. Graubard, D.J. Brody, and K.M. Flegal. 2006. Blood lead levels and death from aU causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer Results from theNHANES lit mortaUly study. Environ. Health Perspect. 114(10) 1538-1541. 

Although the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the residential use of lead-based paint in 1978, millions of children remain at risk for exposure to lead from deteriorating paint in older homes. Lead poisoning is especially harmful to children under the age of 5 years because it interferes with growth and development and it has been shown to lower IQ. Symptoms of chronic exposure to lead include diminished appetite, nausea, malaise, and convulsions. Blood lead level fBLL), expressed as micrograms per deciliter (p.g/dL), is used to monitor the effect of chronic exposure. A BLL < 10 p.g/dL is considered normal a BLL > 45 xg/dL requires medical and environmental intervention. At high levels (>70 p.g/dL), lead can cause seizures, coma, and death. 

The relative difference between the estimated natural blood lead concentration of humans and the latest CDC action level of concern for early toxic effects in children is disturbing (Smith and Flegal 1992b). While the blood lead levels that are now considered acceptable in children (i.e., < 10 fig/dL, or <480 nM) are nearly 600-fold greater than the estimated natural level, they are only 10-fold lower than levels ( 100 fig/dL, or 4800 n that may cause encephalopathy and death in many individuals (Needleman 1992 USEPA 1986) (Fig. 1). These data suggest that adverse health effects of lead may extend to children with blood lead concentrations below the current CDC action level. 

Diabetic acidosis can develop in a matter of hours. Therefore, under certain circumstances, doctors may ask a diabetic patient to test for ketones at home using special test strips that can detect ketones in urine. For example, doctors recommend that diabetic patients test their urine every 4 to 6 hours if their blood sugar levels are very high. Patients should also test for ketones if they are sick with a cold or the flu, or if they experience any of the symptoms of acidosis. These symptoms include a very dry mouth, frequent urination, shortness of breath, and fruity smelling breath. Diabetic acidosis can be life-threatening, leading to a diabetic coma or death. It needs immediate medical care. Diabetic acidosis is also called ketoacidosis. 

Low levels of exposure often cause weakness, headache, disorientation, nausea, and vomiting. Higher levels may result in loss of consciousness or may terminate respiration, leading to death within 15 minutes. An immediate lethal dosage often causes violent contractions of blood vessels accompanied by severe shock. This reaction may cause death prior to asphyxiation.1... 

Untreated, giycogen storage diseases can lead to mental retardation or even death due to the energy loss In the brain consequent to low blood glucose levels. 

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