Blood clot formation

The calcium ion, necessary for blood-clot formation, stimulates release of bloodclotting factors from platelets (see Blood, coagulants and anticoagulants) (25). Neuromuscular excitabihty also depends on the relative concentrations of Na", Ca ", Mg ", and (26). Upon a decrease in... 

Angiotensin II is a neurohormone produced primarily in the kidney. It is a potent vasoconstrictor and stimulates the production of aldosterone. Together, angiotensin II and aldosterone increase blood pressure and sodium and water retention (increasing ventricular wall tension), cause endothelial dysfunction, promote blood clot formation, and cause myocardial fibrosis. 

Deep vein thrombosis A disorder of thrombus (blood clot) formation causing obstruction of a deep vein in the leg, pelvis, or abdomen. 

Although blood clot formation is essential to maintaining haemostasis, inappropriate clotting can give rise to serious, sometimes fatal medical conditions. The formation of a blood clot (a thrombus) often occurs inappropriately within diseased blood vessels. This partially or completely obstructs the flow of blood (and hence oxygen) to the tissues normally served by that blood vessel. 

Intrinsic pathway All the protein factors necessary for coagulation are present in circulating blood. Clot formation may take several minutes and is initiated by activation of factor XII. 

Avoid smoking because of the increased risk of blood clot formation and MI... 

During blood clot formation a complex cascade of zymogen activation occurs, whereby each currently activated zymogen activates the subsequent zymogen. For details one is referred to text books. 

Hemostasis is the process of blood clot formation at the site of vessel injury. When a blood vessel wall breaks, the hemostatic response must be rapid, localized, and carefully regulated. Abnormal bleeding or a propensity to nonphysiologic thrombosis (i.e., thrombosis not required for hemostatic regulation) may occur when specific elements of these processes are missing or dysfunctional. The elements responsible for normal hemostasis have received extensive review. 

Thrombin is a serine protease that plays critical roles in both blood clot formation and anticoagulation. 

While aspirin itself does not occur in nature, similar, less effective substances do. Willow extracts, sold in health food stores, cannot match aspirin s demonstrated effectiveness in fact, aspirin came about as an improvement on the natural salicylates. Furthermore, we may attribute aspirin s anticoagulant effect to the acetyl part of the molecule responsible for deactivating an enzyme that leads to blood-clot formation. So there is really no point in chewing on willow bark to prevent a heart attack. 

Aside from its murky role in brain function, alpha-linolenic acid has some well-documented effects on heart disease. It reduces the risk of blood-clot formation, lowers the chance of potentially lethal irregular heartbeat, and probably has an antiinflammatory effect on blood vessels. Several studies have found a link between increased intake of the acid and reduced risk of death from heart disease. Alpha-linolenic acid helps lower blood cholesterol, but flaxseed has another component that performs this function even more effectively. This is soluble fiber, which isn t absorbed by the body and passes right through the digestive system. On its journey through the digestive tract, the fiber binds cholesterol and prevents it from... 

RBCT (relative blood clotting time) the time of blood clot formation on a polymer surface/the time of blood clot formation on a glass surface ... 

Thrombus Formation. The thromboxanes, especially TXA2, cause platelet aggregations that result in blood clot formation.73 It is unclear whether excessive thrombus formation (as in deep vein thrombosis or coronary artery occlusion) is initiated by abnormal thromboxane production. Certainly, inhibition of thromboxane synthesis will help prevent platelet-induced thrombus formation in individuals who are prone to specific types of excessive blood clotting.84... 

The next compound was needed by I Cl when chemists there were developing a thromboxane antagonist to inhibit blood clot formation. You can immediately spot the 1,3-relationship between the ester and the hydroxyl group, so 1,3-diO disconnection is called for. 

The alkaline earth metals (group 2A of the periodic table) include Mg and Ca, which play both structural and physiological roles. Aside from its structural importance in bones and teeth, calcium is critical in processes ranging from vascular tone, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, blood clot formation, the secretion of hormones such as insulin, and cell signaling. Calcium levels in cells, blood, and extracellular fluid are very tightly controlled. If calcium intake is insufficient, calcium is liberated from bones in order to support these physiological functions. 

Often used as an analgesic to relieve minor aches and pains, as an antipyretic to reduce fever, and as an antiinflammatory medication, aspirin also has an antiplatelet or anticoagulate effect through inhibition of thromhoxane synthesis. Under normal circumstances thromhoxane binds platelets together to repair damaged blood vessels for this reason aspirin is used in long-term low doses to prevent heart attacks, stroke and blood-clot formation in susceptible individuals. Low doses of aspirin may be given immediately after a heart attack to reduce the risk of another heart attack or of the death of cardiac tissue. 

In 1987,1 introduced the notion that certain foods could actually lower cholesterol, thereby protecting the heart. The soluble fiber in oats and beans reduces LDL cholesterol without lowering the protective HDL, and fish oils prevent excessive blood clot production. Similarly, certain foods and recipes that contain soluble fiber can actively affect blood pressure. I ve included some representative recipes in this chapter to inspire you to eat more fruits and vegetables, especially those rich in potassium, such as sweet potatoes, bananas, and mangos, and more seafood, which not only affects blood clot formation but also lowers blood pressure. 

Sulfation 3 -Phosphoadenosine-5 -phosphosulfate Fibrinogen Blood-clot formation... 

We next examine the activation and control of zymogens, using as examples several digestive enzymes as well as blood-clot formation. 

Studies of plasma homocysteine and the rate of spontaneous blood clot formation... 

Spontaneous blood clot formation was dramatically correlated with plasma homocysteine levels of Over 22 fiM, as revealed by a study of 269 normal subjects... 

Robertson HJE. Blood clot formation in angiographic syringes containing non-ionic media. Radiology 1927 162 621. 

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