Coronary artery occlusion

Maroko, P.R., Kjeksus, J.K., Sobel, B.E., Watanabe, T., Covell, J.W., Ross, J., Jr and Braunwald, E. (1971). Factors influencing infarct size following experimental coronary artery occlusions. Circulation 43, 67-82. 

FIGURE 4.15 Two pH and two K+ planar sensors in the in-situ porcine heart preparation at midmyocar-dial depth (a) and the recorded fall in the pH and increase in K+ activity, respectively, during the course of coronary artery occlusion (b). (From [18].)... 

Masson, S., Masseroh, M., Fiordaliso, F., et al. (1999) Effects of a DA(2)/alpha(2) agonist and a beta(l)-blocker in combination with an ACE inhibitor on adrenergic activity and left ventricular remodeling in an experimental model of left ventricular dysfunction after coronary artery occlusion. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 34, 321-326. 

Heyndrickx GR, Millard RW, McRitchie RJ, Maroko PR, Vatner SF. Regional myocardial functional and electrophysiological alterations after brief coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs. J Clin Invest 1975 56 978-985... 

Hill JL, Gettes LS. Effect of acute coronary artery occlusion on local myocardial extracellular K + activity in swine. Circulation 1980 61 768-778... 

In subsequent investigations, [ FIPFBG PET was used to image canine pheochromocytomas and to characterize the area at risk in a canine coronary artery occlusion model [180, 181]. 

C.R. Berry, P.K. Garg, T.R. DeGrado, P. Hellyer, W. Weber, S. Garg, B. Hansen, M.R. Zalutsky, R.E. Coleman, Para-[ F]fluorobenzylguanidine kinetics in a canine coronary artery occlusion model, J. Nucl. Cardiol. 3 (1996) 119-129. 

Rosen MR, Janse MJ, Myerburg RJ Arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion What are the electrophysiological mechanisms in Hearse DJ, Manning AS, Janse MJ (eds) Life Threatening Arrhythmias during Ischemia and Infarction. New York, Raven Press, 1987, pp 11-48. 

Thrombus Formation. The thromboxanes, especially TXA2, cause platelet aggregations that result in blood clot formation.73 It is unclear whether excessive thrombus formation (as in deep vein thrombosis or coronary artery occlusion) is initiated by abnormal thromboxane production. Certainly, inhibition of thromboxane synthesis will help prevent platelet-induced thrombus formation in individuals who are prone to specific types of excessive blood clotting.84... 

Angina pectoris is typically associated with some degree of coronary artery occlusion. To help prevent further blockage of the coronary arteries, certain anticoagulant drugs can be administered so that a partially occluded artery does not become completely... 

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) such as coronary angioplasty and stent implantation has become a worldwide routine strategy for coronary arterial occlusive diseases. Along with the recognition that thrombus formation is very likely to be involved in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), selection of the optimal anticoagulant is becoming essential to achieve reliable anticoagulation for successful PCI. 

El Gendi H, Violaris AG, Foale R, Sharma HS, Sheridan DJ. Endogenous, local, vascular endothelial growth factor production in patients with chronic total coronary artery occlusions further evidence for its role in angiogenesis. Heart 2002 87(2) 158-159. 

The most common reason for failure of a chronic total occlusion is inability to cross with aguidewire. The pathologic basis for this has been studied (15-17). Srivatsa et al, (15) evaluated the histologic correlates of angiographic total coronary artery occlusion in an autopsy series of 61 patients with... 

Histologic specimens of chronic coronary arterial occlusions with (A) large central neovascular channels (arrow) or (B) extensive media/adventitial collaterals. 

Holmes DR Jr, Vlietstra RE, Reeder GS, et al. Angioplasty in total coronary artery occlusion. JACC 1984 3 845-849. 

Bell MR, Berger PB, Bresnahan JE et al. Initial and long term outcome of354 patients after coronary balloon angioplasty of total coronary artery occlusion. Circulation 1992 85 1003-101 I. 

Fig. 13.1 Phosphorylated c-Ski expression in cytosolic fraction of cells in post-MI rat heart. In post-MI rat hearts with chronic large myocardial infarction, phosphorylated c-Ski expression was noted in the cytosol of cells populating the infarct scar (predominantly myofibroblasts) and the remnant heart (mixed cytosolic fraction from myocytes and nonmyocytes). Hearts were sampled at different times after surgical ligation of coronary artery occlusion and Western analysis was carried out to assess phosphorylated c-Ski expression. Trends in -fold protein expression (target band intensity corrected for loading) are shown in curves.

Shizukuda, Y., Iwamoto, T., Mallet, R.T., and Downey, H.F. 1993. Hypoxic preconditioning attenuates stunning caused by repeated coronary artery occlusion in dog heart. Cardiovas. Res. 27 559-564. 

Wolf, R.A. et al., Heparin inhibits bovine testicular hyaluronidase activity in myocardium of dogs with coronary artery occlusion, Am. J. Card., 53, 941, 1984. 

De ite differmces in their mechanisms of action and in vitro activities, pentasaccharide, DX-9065a and TAP have been shown to be effective antithrombotic agents in experimental models of venous thrombosis, coronary artery occlusion, arterial thrombolysis and acute reocclusion, restenosis after angioplasty, dialysis, and DIG. Pentasaccharide has also demonstrated measurable antithrombotic effects in human trials. Both TAP and DX-9065a produce measurable in vitro anticoagulant effects. In contrast, pentasaccharide does not produce an anticoagulant effect by the typical clot based assays. Thus, with fector Xa inhibitors there is not necessarily a correlation between current lab assays and antithrombotic efficacy as there is with heparin. 

The discovery that coronary artery occlusion by thrombosis is itself stuttering — developing gradually over hours — and associated with vasospasm in other parts of the coronary tree has made the use of isosorbide dinitrate (Isoket) by continuous i.v. infusion adjusted to the degree of pain, a logical, and effective, form of analgesia for unstable angina. 

In our preliminary study utilizing a model of myocardial infarction in rabbits, when antimyosin IL, IgG-L, PL, or saline placebo were delivered concomitant with circumflex coronary artery occlusion for 45 min... 

Fig. 19 Nitroblue tetrazolium stained heart sections of rabbits with acute myocardial infarction treated with PL (left panel), saline placebo (middle panel) and IL (right panel). The sites of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion can be seen in the middle and right panels to be at the 4th slices by the presence of the silk sutures. Normal myocardium is stained purple or brown, whereas the infarcted regions remain as light colored regions.

Pieper GM, Gross GJ. Salutary action of nicorandil, a new antianginal drug, on myocardial metabolism during ischemia and on postischemic function in a canine preparation of brief, repetitive coronary artery occlusions comparison with isosorbide dinitrate. Circulation 1987 76(4) 916-28. 

Classify the sample as being normal or abnormal (example patients suffering from coronary artery occlusion have been identified on the basis of NMR spectra of their blood serum). 

In isolated perfused hearts, ventricular dysfunction may be due to myocardial stunning or lethal cell injury. In the Langendorff perfused ischemic rat hearts, ATP concentrations decrease rapidly to 60% in the first minute, with a rapid secondary decrease by 13 min due to contracture (33). Recovery from stunned to normal myocardium requires 24-48 h in the in vivo reperfused heart with coronary artery occlusion of 2-20 min (34). Dobrinina et al. (11) showed that neutral liposomes preserved liver integrity in rats subjected to hepatotropic poisons by non-specific mechanisms. However, histochemical infarct size data do not support this hypothesis in the myocardium (Fig. 3b). 

Vivaldi MT, Kloner RA, Schoen FJ (1985) Triphenyltetrazolium staining of irreversible ischemic injury following coronary artery occlusion in rats. Am J Pathol 121 522-530... 

The administration of berberine (104 mg/kg, i.v.) was observed to markedly and dose-dependently reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia after coronary artery occlusion in rats. At a dosage of 4 mg/kg (i.v.) the alkaloid also depressed the abnormal changes in hemorrheology, such as increased platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, as well as blood viscosity. At 30 pmol/1, berberine also prevented hypoxia from shortening action potential duration and ERP in the... 

Abendschein DR, MoreUi RL, Carlson CJ, Emilson B, Rapaport E. CK-3 isoenzyme subforms in myocardial, lymph, and blood after coronary artery occlusion. Cardiovasc Res 1984 18 690-3. 

Sharkey SW, Elsperger KJ, Murakami M, Apple FS. Canine myocardial CK isoenzyme response to coronary artery occlusion. Am J Physiol 1989 256 H508-H514. 

Sharkey SW, Murakami MA, Smith SA, Apple FS. Canine myocardial creatine kinase isoenzymes after chronic coronary artery occlusion. Circulation 1991 84 333-40. 

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