BLISTERING Subject

Stevens-Johnson syndrome fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, headache, and lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. The lesions appear as red wheals or blisters, often starting on die face, in the mo util, or on the lips, neck, and extremities, stomatitis inflammation of die mo util striae lines or bands elevated above or depressed below surrounding tissue, or differing in color or texture subjective data information supplied by the patient or family sublingual under die tongue... 

At the end of the summer fattening period the broilers were slaughtered and evaluated according to the criteria wrong legs and blistered briskets (Table 1). At the same time, the litter was subjected to chemical analysis (Table 2). A small difference in pH value resulted in a higher nitrogen content in the litter from the insulated floor—a phenomenon already described by Elliot et al. 

The quality of the broilers was assessed in the slaughterhouse, with special attention being paid to the presence of blistered briskets and wrong legs. Both criteria give better results for the broilers from the house with the insulated floor. However, better quality is not rewarded by higher prices, so that insulation does not yield any direct extra profits. Economically, therefore, there is no incentive to insulate the floors, and more information is needed on this subject. 

In all the paint systems tested in the atmosphere, the presence of the chloride contaminant at its highest concentration, causes the appearance of small blisters. Such blisters may in time burst due to the oxide built-up inside them, as was seen in the case in the CR system ("Table III.") In the P system ("Table III."), the blistering seen with the third level of chlorides continues after two years outdoor exposure, without rust coming through the coating. This same effect is also seen in salt fog test panels, but it does not appear in those test specimens subjected to accelerated weathering tests. 

Of particular interest is Lyngbya majusculata which has been the subject of extensive studies. Interest in this species was first spurred by its ability to induce a dermatitis-like condition in swimmers ( swimmers itch ) which was traced to potent inflammatory, blister-producing and tumor promoting compounds such as aplysiatoxin, debromoaplysiatoxin and lyngbiatoxin... 

Dermal application resulted in immediate irritation characterized by erythema and hyperemia. The subjects complained of painful burning sensation, and, after 5 hours, blisters formed on the exposed areas. ... 

Pentane is considered nontoxic at concentrations below its lower flammability limits (15,000ppm). Human subjects exposed to SOOOppm for 10 minutes did not experience mucous membrane irritation or other symptoms. In early reports topical application of pentane to volunteers caused painful burning sensations accompanied by itching after 5 hours, blisters formed on the exposed areas. More recent studies showed that 2.0ml applied to the skin of volunteers for 24 hours was not irritating. ... 

In 1955, 12 subjects underwent up to 14 aerosol exposures of 45 min each. The maximal cumulative Ct was 30,800 mg-min/m. Ten subjects sustained dermal effects and discontinued the test after eight to twelve exposures. Erythema occurred on trunks and extremities. Three subjects had blisters. One subject, whose total Ct was 17,700 mg-min/m, was hospitalized 5 d after his last exposure because of diffuse erythema and bullae. ... 

Corrosion performance was evaluated by the scab corrosion test. The coated panels were scribed and subjected to 25 cycles as follows 15 min immersion in 5% NaCl solution, 75 min air-dry at room temperature, followed by 22.5 h exposure to 85% relative humidity (RH) and 60°C environment. The tested samples were examined visually for failure such as corrosion, him lifting, peeling, adhesion loss, or blistering. The distance between the scribe line and the unaffected coating was measured as the corrosion creepage. 

Uhe stockpile (the subject of the Amy s Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program) consists of (1) bulk containers of nerve and blister agents and (2) munitions, including rockets, mines, bombs, projectiles, and spray tanks, loaded with nerve or blister agents. Buried chemical warfare materiel, recovered chemical warfare materiel, binary weapons (in which two nonlethal components are mixed after firing to yield a lethal nerve agent), former production facilities, and miscellaneous chemical warfare materiel are not included in the stockpile. The disposition of these five classes of materials is the subject of a separate Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Pro-... 

The chlorinated propenes are obnoxious compounds. Unlike other compounds discussed so far in this section, their pungent odors and irritating effects lead to an avoidance response in exposed subjects. They are irritants to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Contact with the skin can result in rashes, blisters, and bums. Chronic exposure to allyl chloride is manifested by aching muscles and bones it damages the liver, lungs, and kidney and causes pulmonary edema. 

Jakubowski et al. (13) were able to monitor the excretion of TDG in a subject accidentally exposed to sulfur mustard in a laboratory. The casualty developed blisters on hands and arms (< 1% of body area) and erythema on his face and neck (< 5 % of body area). Urine was collected over a 10-day period. A maximum excretion rate of TDG of 20 ug per day was observed between days 3 and 4, the highest concentration being 65 ng/ml. It was noted that the total amount of urine produced for analysis during the first three days was low. Concentrations >10 ng/ml were detected in urine for 7 days after the exposure. The half-life of excretion was estimated as 1.18 days. The total amount of TDG excreted over the 10-day period was 243 ug. There was mass spectrometric evidence of oligomers of TDG (e.g. 

Much of the difference is due to an increase in "unknown" responses. But a review of the nature of the exposures of the volunteers exposed to irritants and vesicants and of a sample of NCT subjects who responded "yes" to this question clearly indicates that acute effects, mainly erythema and blistering during the immediate posttest period, were responsible for the difference. The irritants-vesicants class of chemicals produced no demonstrable excess of late effects. (Long-term health effects of men who experienced acute erythema and blistering are discussed later.)... 

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