Black specs

Like many other herbal extracts, valerian extract is very hygroscopic. Inclusion into tablets raises stability issues. Coatings reduce moisture absorption but often lead to tablet explosion or visual deterioration (black specs). Tablets formulated with 250 mg valerian extract, spray-dried lactose, and compressible starch were... 

Dust Extraction. Adequate dust extraction is necessary to maintain high-speed operation for extended periods of time. The entire compression area should be shrouded to minimize dust infiltration into other press areas. Effective dust extraction minimizes dust and oil contamination on the surface of the tablets, which could produce black specs. Insufficient dust extraction results in excessive material build-up on the lower and upper punches leading to tight punches. However, the proper balance of dust extraction without high levels of material loss must be determined. If the dust extraction level is too high material could be extracted from the die cavities and the recirculation channel. Furthermore, the dust extraction systems preferentially removes the fine particles. Therefore, if the granulation is a direct-compression blend where the active constituent is of fine particle size, minimum dust extraction levels combined with minimal recirculation may be necessary to prevent a loss of active constituents (resulting in possible low assay). 

Optical sheet Black specs, bubbles/voids, die lines, surging, surface imperfections, etc. are among the major problems that processors of optical sheets (film, etc.) encounter. Majority of problems can be traced to the way the plastic was dried and handled. 

Figure 2-24. A SEM micrograph of a refractory particle the black spec at the center ofthe smooth mirror is a particle that caused the fiber to break during a strength measurement.

Figure 29.3 Stick test for qualitative determination of acid mist concentrations leaving the absorption tower (Lxruie, 2012). The left photo shows black specs on the stick indicative of acid mist droplets in the gas. The stick is inserted into the duct as shown in the right photo.

E. M. Darmenberg, "The Carbon Black Industry Over a Century of Progress," Bubber World Mag. Spec. Pub.—BubberDiv. 75th Mnniv. (1907—1984). 

The US Dept of Defense Mil Spec for K nitrate is MIL-P-156B (18 April 1956) with Amendment 1 (31 July 1974). Three classes are specified Class 1 - for use in black powder and chemical munitions Class 2 - for use in pyrotechnic compositions and Class 3 — for use in propellants. The chemical requirements for these classes are given below ... 

Blus, L.J. and C.J. Stafford. 1980. Breeding Biology and Relation of Pollutants to Black Skimmers and Gull-Billed Terns in South Carolina. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildl. 230. 18 pp. 

The framework approach to code reuse provides a concrete, yet incomplete, implementation of the architecture The rules and policies about how application objects interact are codified and enforced by the framework itself. Frameworks can be both white-box—a template method in the superclass must be overriden by a subclass after understanding the calls made in the superclass implementation—and black-box, in which interfaces for the plug-in calls are explicitly specified and implemented according to the spec. 

Another slow-burning mixt is the so-called Coal Powder. Its compn is K nitrate 70.0+1.0, oal 14.0+1.0 sulfur 16.0 1.0%. The US Armed Forces requirements for this powder are given in Spec X-PA-PD-623(listed as Type II Powder, Black, Slow Burning) which superseded Spec JAN-P-540. The coal used for this powder must be semibituminous and of such fineness that 100% passes through No 140 US Std sieve and not less than 45% through No 200 sieve. Other requirements for coal are moist 0.75%(max), ash 11.0 1.5, volatile matter 18.0 1, fixed carbon 70.5 3.5 sulfur 3.0 0.5% no foreign matter, such as gritty or fibrous particles, shall be present. 

M.Thomas, MP 34, 401- 11 (1952)(Rapid method of detn of C) 11)M.Parpaillon, MP 34, 419- 20 (1952)(Detn of C black as a residue after destruction of other ingredients of double- base proplnts by treating with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline soln) lla) ASTM Standards (1955), Part 4, D 561-46,p 45( Specs tests for carbon blk) 12)M.Parpaillon S.Rigal, MP 37, 305-17 (1955XDetn of graphite in proplnts by methods similar to that described in Ref 11) 12a)... 

Burns, S.J., Baker, P.A. Showers, W.J. (1988) The factors controlling the formation and chemistry of dolomite in organic-rich sediments Miocene Drakes Bay Formation, California. In Sedimentology and Geochemistry of Dolostones (Eds Shukla, V. Baker. P.A.). Spec. Pubis int. Ass. Sediment. 43,41-52. Black-well Science, Oxford. 

Dark-gray or black powder with metallic luster or coherent mass of silver-white color body-centered cubic structure. mp 2622° (Worthing), bp about 4825°, d 10.28. Spec heat 5.68 cal /g -atom/deg heat of fusion 6.6 kcal/g.aiom heat of vaporization 142 kcal/g-atom (Stoll, Sinke). Fairly stable at Ordinary temp oxidized to the trioxide at a red heat slowly oxidized by steam. Not attacked by water, by dil acids or by coned hydrochloric acid. Practically insol in alkali hydroxides or fused alkalies. Reacts with nitric acid, hot coned sulfuric acid, fused potassium chlorate or nitrate. Attacked by fluorine at Ordinary temp, by chlorine or bromine at a red heat. 

Stiver-white metal, face-centered cubic structure occurs also as black powder and as spongy masses which can be compressed to a compact mass, mp 1555 bp 3167. dj 12.02. Hardness on Mohs scale 4.8, Brindl hardness 61.0. Spec heat 0.0584 cal/g at 0 C, Electrical resistivity at 0 -10.0 microohms-cm. Appreciably volatile at high temps. At a red heat is converted into the monoxide. Forms dihalides with fluorine or chlorine at a red heat. Reacts with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, a mixture of hydrochloric and chloric acids. Reacts slightly with coned HCI more readily in the presence of air or free chlorine. Forms a sulfide when heated with sulfur, a phosphide when heated with phosphorus. Absorbs a considerable amount of hydrogen. 

Bowser CJ, Rafter TA, Black RF (1970) Geochemical evidence for the origin of mirabilite deposits near Hobbs Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica Mineral. Soc Amer Spec Paper 3 261-272 Brandriss ME, O Neil JR, Edlund MB, Stoermer EF (1998) Oxygen isotope fractionation between diatomaceous silica and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62 1119-1125 Budd WF, Jenssen MJD, Radok U (1971) Derived physical characteristics of the Antarctic ice sheet. A.N.A.R.E. Interim Reports, Series A (N), Glaciology, 1-178 Antarctic Division, Melbourne, Australia... 

Bowser CJ, Rafter TA, Black RF (1970) Geochemical evidence for the origin of mirabilite deposits near Hobbs Glacier, Victoria Land, Antarctica. Mineral Soc Amer Spec Paper 3 261-272... 

Thermax Stainless Powder Ultra Pure N-908 [Cancarb http //www.cancarb.com] Tint-Ayd Blue Tone Tinting Blacks t[Elementis Spec. 

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