Toning blue

Iron Blue. There are three common varieties of iron blue MUoti, Chinese, and Pmssian (they are sometimes caUed toning blues). The three types differ chiefly in color, ease of dispersion, and reactivity characteristics. MUori blues are the easiest to disperse and are the least reactive. They are reddest in mass tone (plum colored) in tints, they ate intense and intermediate in redness between the Chinese and Pmssian varieties. Both the Chinese and Pmssian blues are jet in mass tone, but Pmssian blue is considerably redder and less intense in tint than Chinese blue. Because of their jet mass tones, both are used to shade blacks. Pmssian blues are the hardest to disperse and are somewhat more reactive than Chinese blues. 

The term iron blue pigments as defined in ISO 2495 has largely replaced a great number of older names (e.g., Paris blue, Prussian blue, Berlin blue, Milori blue, Turnbull s blue, toning blue, and nonbronze blue). These names usually stood for insoluble pigments based on microcrystalline Fe(II)Fe(III) cyano complexes many were associated with specific hues. A standardized naming system has been demanded by users and welcomed by manufacturers, and has led to a reduction in the number of varieties [3.177],... 

Iron BIuG. Iron Blue or Pigment Blue 27 has replaced the older names of Paris blue, Prussian blue, Berlin blue, and Toning blue, etc. It is ferric ammoniiun ferrocyanide [FeNH4Fe(CN)6l. It finds little use in plastics at present. It is mixed with chrome yellow to form chrome green. Chrome green offers a low cost opaqne green that finds some use in polyethylene film. Caution should be used as it has little alkali resistance. 

Some of the color deficiencies can be overcome by using a fourth ink, black, which allows printing neutral tones and dark blacks and colors. Black also improves the contrast of an image and its apparent sharpness. Black, usually referred to as K to distinguish it from blue, makes up the fourth member of the printer s primaries, CMYK. 

Iron blues have good lightfastness in mass tone or deep shades. Iron blues ate coarse in texture, difficult to grind, and withstand only a few minutes at 175°C. 

Nflancierblau, n. tinting blue, nuancieren, ndancieren, v.t. shade, shade off, tint, tone modulate. 

Heavily pigmented skin Persistent area of red-, blue-, or purple-toned skin. 

Fluoran compounds having two diarylamino groups at 3 - and 6 -positions generally develop blue tone colors. For example, 3, 6 -bis-(diphenylamino)fluoran (34 R1, R2 = H)29 develops reddish blue color, and 3 -diphenyl amino-6 -di-/ -tolylaminofluoran (34 R1 = H, R2 = CH3)29 and 3, 6 -bis(di-/i-tolylamino)fluoran (34 R1, R2 = CF13)29 blue color. 

Energy-saving tight bulbs give off a more natural light when they are doped with europium, whose red component counteracts the cold blue tone. 

Commercial flushed pastes commonly contain about 40% pigment however, these products are standardized not in terms of pigment concentration but regarding their tinctorial strength. The ratio between carbon black and Alkali Blue pigment in a toned product may range between approximately 2 1 and 4 1, depending on the nature of the components and on the desired effect. 

Figure 4. Thin layer chromatogram (TLC) tracing of the DEAR extract extracted with ether and controls on silica gel plates. Developing solvent was chloroform ace-tone formic acid (80 19 1). Plate was viewed under UV light. Equal concentrations of each sample were applied. Key y, yellow fluorescence b, blue fluorescence ------------------------, intense spots ---, less intense spots.

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