Black elder

Sambucus nigra. Grows to 30 feet, also called "European elder," or "black elder." Berries used in wine making flowers and berries used medicinally. Edible. 

Because of the diaphoretic and laxative effects, the composition of Sambuci flos (Sambucus negra L., black elder) has been extensively investigated by TLC. Samples for TLC analysis were preparated by refluxing 1.0 g of air-dried, powdered flowers of Sambucus negra with 10 ml of methanol for 30 min. The suspension was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated and redissolved in 5 ml of methanol. Separation was performed on silica layers using 10 different mobile phases 1 = ethyl acetate-formic acid-acetic acid-water (100 11 11 27, v/v) 2 = ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (8 1 1, v/v) 3 = ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (88 6 6, v/v) 4 = ethyl acetate-methyl-ethyl ketone-formic acid-water (50 30 10 10, v/v) 5 = ethyl acetate-methyl-ethyl ketone-formic acid-water (60 15 3 2, v/v) 6 = ethyl acetate-formic acid-acetic acid-methyl-ethyl... 

Sambucus nigra L. SCN European elder OCN black elder... 

Christensen KB, Petersen RK, Kristiansen K, Christensen LP (2010) Identifieation of bioactive compounds from flowers of black elder Sambucus nigra L.) that activate the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. Phytother Res 24 (Suppl 2) S129-132. doi 10.1002/ptr.3005... 

Patients having high plasma renin activity (PRA) (>8 ng/(mLh)) respond best to an ACE inhibitor or a -adrenoceptor blocker those having low PRA (<1 ng/(mLh)) usually elderly and black, respond best to a calcium channel blocker or a diuretic (184). -Adrenoceptor blockers should not be used in patients who have diabetes, asthma, bradycardia, or peripheral vascular diseases. The thiazide-type diuretics (qv) should be used with caution in patients having diabetes. Likewise, -adrenoceptor blockers should not be combined with verapamil or diltiazem because these dmgs slow the atrioventricular nodal conduction in the heart. Calcium channel blockers are preferred in patients having coronary insufficiency diseases because of the cardioprotective effects of these dmgs. 

Nifedipine (Table 3) is a potent vasodilator that selectively dilates resistance vessels and has fewer effects on venous vessels. It does not cause reflex tachycardia during chronic therapy. Nifedipine is one of the first-line choices for black or elderly patients and patients having concomitant angina pectoris, diabetes, or peripheral vascular diseases. Nifedipine, sublingually, is also suitable for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Nifedipine does not impair sexual function or worsen blood Hpid profile. The side effects are flushing, headache, and dizziness. 

Schwarz, n. black blackness, -beere, /. bilberry elder (berry) melastoma. -beize,/. Dyeing) black liquor, iron liquor, scbwarzblau, a. very dark blue. 

BATES C J, RUTISHAUSER I H E, BLACK A E, PAUL A A, MANDAL A R and PATNAIK B K (1979) Longterm vitamin status and dietary intake of healthy elderly subjects , ilrii/iVMfr, 42,43-56. 

There is hardly a tree on earth that offers as much as the elder. Used for centuries and steeped in legend, elder provides a host of amazing benefits as both medicine and food. Adorned with beautiful white blossoms and juicy blue-black berries, the elder tree is a beautiful addition to any landscape. 

Elder leaves are primarily used for topical applications as an emollient and vulnerary. They were traditionally mixed with tallow and made into an ointment for hemorrhoids, burns, bruises, sprains, chilblains, wounds, hives, eczema, tumors and gout. Elder leaf salve is reported to be as effective as cortisone creams. Elder is most beneficial in moving the stagnation associated with black-and-blue marks. Soaking cuts in a tea of elder leaves before applying the salve is another common first aid application. 

A pinch of elder flowers can also be added to a steeping pot of black tea Camellia sinensis) for a delightful flavor. 

Elder bark, taken from older branches and combined with an iron mordant yields a black color for wool. 

Sambucus ebulus. Grows to 4 feet in Eurasia and northern Africa also grows in eastern and central U.S. Also known as dwarf elder, Dane s elder. Its black berries are toxic. Good dye source. The root has a history of being used to treat snakebite. 

Sambucus Mexicana. Called Mexican Elder, a variety of S. cerulea found in Mexico, northern California. Bears flowers and fruit simultaneously. Black fruits. Edible. 

Mixture of the ortho, meta, and para isomers. Colorless to light yellow, slightly viscous liquid with a pungent and aromatic odor, resembling lilacs or elder blossoms. Weapons grade material is a black liquid. 

Source Indole was detected in jasmine flowers Jasminum officinale), licorice [Glycyrrhiza glabra), kohlrabi stems [Brassica oleraceavAT. gongylodes), and hyacinth flowers Hyacinthus orientalid at concentrations of 42 to 95, 2, 1.33, and 0.24 to 3.45 ppm, respectively. Indole also occurs in tea leaves, black locust flowers, corn leaves, petitgrain, and yellow elder (Duke, 1992). 

Age and race At steady state, elderly subjects had increases in C ax (22%) and AUC (45%) compared with younger subjects. At steady state, Cmax s 19% lower and AUC was 26% lower in blacks. 

Early evidence of black walnut allelopathy. As early as 77 A.D., the Juglans genus was cited as having a poisonous effect on other plants. An even earlier account was recorded by Pliny the Elder in... 

Murray MD, Black PK, Kuzmik DD, Haag KM, Man-atunga AK, Mullin MA et al. Acute and chronic effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients. Am J Med Sci 1995 310(5) 188-97. 

Adverse effects consist mainly of gastrointestinal intolerance such as nausea, epigastric pain and diarrhea and, especially in the elderly constipation with continued therapy. All ferrous salts may cause a black coloration of the faeces. Children are particularly susceptible to potentially lethal iron intoxications. Oral iron preparations should not be administered concurrently with tetracyclines as mutual interference with absorption will occur. 

Black DM, Brand RI, Greenlick M, et al Compliance to treatment for hypertension in elderly patients The SHEP pilot study. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program. J Gerontol 1987 42 552-557. 

Geoffroy the Elder mentioned that Among the Ancients, Antimony [stibnite] was used to dye the Supercilia and Cilia Black. Accordingly we find in Scripture that the wicked Queen Jezabel [sic], in order to charm tire King her Husband, painted her Eyes with Antimony and the Women who used that Practice are also reproved by the Prophets (75). 

Max Speter, 1883-1942. Transylvanian inventor and historian of chemistry Author of many articles on Boerhaave, Geoffroy the Elder, Marggraf, Black and Lavoisier. Contributor to Das Buch der grossen Chemiker. In 1929 he found the Boyle-Hanckwitz recipe for phosphorus, after it had been kept secret for more than two centuries (26). 

Cheyne, T K. and J S. Black, Encyclopaedia Biblica, Vol 1, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1899, columns 545-6 Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, Book 37, chaps. 16-20. 

Older persons account for one-third of all suicides in the United States even though this group represents only 12% of the population ( 36). Suicide is even more often related to major depression in the elderly than in younger individuals in whom other causes such as substance abuse, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders often play a major role. In fact, suicide rates are highest in older white men relative to any other segment of the population. For example, white men older than 85 years age commit suicide 30 times as frequently as black women. 

The furnace black process is currently the most important production process. It accounts for more than 95 % of the total worldwide production. The advantages of the furnace black process are its great flexibility in manufacturing various grades of carbon black and its better economy compared to elder processes. The following comparison makes this apparent for similar grades of carbon black, the production rate of one flame is ca. 0.002 kg/h for channel black, ca. 0.2 kg/h for gas black, and ca. 2000 kg/h for a modern furnace black reactor. However, in spite of the more advantageous furnace black process, the production processes listed in Table 27 (except for the channel black process) are still in use for the production of special carbon blacks which cannot be obtained via the furnace black process. 

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