Nitrite poisoning

Bismuth subnitrate [1304-85-4] (basic bismuth nitrate) can be prepared by the partial hydrolysis of the normal nitrate with boiling water. It has been used as an antacid and in combination with iodoform as a wound dressing (183). Taken internally, the subnitrate may cause fatal nitrite poisoning because of the reduction of the nitrate ion by intestinal bacteria. 

After intravenous injection of a fatal dose of NG in rabbits, immediate respiratory stimulation was observed, closely followed by slowing of the heartbeat, muscular twitchings and convulsions. Between convulsions, the heart rate was accelerated and the respiratory rate decreased the animals died of respiratory paralysis. The toxicological picture of NG poisoning is similar to that of asphyxiation, due either to the fall in blood pressure or methemoglobinemia. Despite similarities to Na nitrite poisoning, the toxic effects of NG cannot be explained solely on the basis of its nitrite action... 

Gonchar, O., Mankovskaya, 1., and Klyuchko, E. 2006. Role of complex nucleosides in the reversal of oxidative stress and metabolic disorders induced by acute nitrite poisoning. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 38(6) 414—18. 

Bakshi, S., Fahey, J., and Pierce, L. (1967). Sausage cyanosis Acquired methemoglobinemic nitrite poisoning. N. Engl. J. Med. 277,1072. 

Chronic ingestion of 5 mg kg day is considered unacceptable. Common findings associated with nitrite poisoning include unconsciousness, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, coma, cyanosis, dyspnea, and pallor. 

Treatment of nitrate/nitrite poisoning involves intravenous infusion of 1% methylene blue at a rate of 1.5 mgkg body weight and withdrawal of the offending feed. 

Horses, like other monogastrics, are more resistant to plants capable of causing nitrate-nitrite poisoning than are ruminants. However, horses can modestly reduce nitrates to nitrites in their cecums, but it requires about three times as much nitrate to produce the same toxic effect in horses as in ruminants. 

Barium nitrate [10022-31-8] M 261.4, m 593"(dec). Crystallise it twice from water (4mL/g) and diy it overnight at 110 . It decomposes at higher temperatures to give mostly the oxide and the peroxide with only a little of the nitrite. POISONOUS. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 941 1963.]... 

THERAF cat (VET) Topically in anti -screwwotm mixtures. In tests for nitrate or nitrite poisoning. 

For treatment of encephalitis convulsions, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, atherosclerosis, viral myocarditis, cancer, secondary erythroderma, nitrite poisoning, bronchialasthma and acute viral hepatitis ... 

In nitrite poisoning methyleiie blue irteiacts with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) to reduce die ferric iron of metftemoglobin back to ferrous ion in hemoglobin, which can again transport oxygen. 

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