History biotechnology

Buchholz, K. and Collins, J. (2010) Concepts in Biotechnology History, Science and Business, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. 

History has shown us repeatedly that most principles, to most people, have a price. For example, a principle standing against the radiation that emanates from microwaves becomes a nonissue after one receives a micro-wave oven for a birthday present. An opponent of fur becomes a silent champion after inheriting a coat with fur trim. The white meat only advocate secretly enjoys beef when the price of fish becomes too expensive. A philosophical stance against biotechnology has a price even though it would not show up in consumer surveys. It is sometimes measured as a difference in cost other times as a difference in convenience. In still others, it fades as the audience for the cause fades or becomes weary of the issue. 

In a similar approach to that taken by the FDA, the International Food Biotechnology Council (IFBC) addressed issues associated with food and flavor ingredient production from GM materials and concluded that a reasonable safety assessment could be made by determining whether the ingredient had a prior history of safe use in approved foods and, if so, whether the GM substance was... 

Wong, J.M. Technologies and case histories for industrial wastewater recovery and reuse. Proceedings, Seminar on Application of Biotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC, October 30, 2002. 

Alkaloid chemistry is a small part of chemistry, whose history began in 1805, when the first alkaloid was isolated. Since this time, there have been many famous achievements in research and product development. A host of excellent scientists have been working successfully in this field. Alkaloid chemistry has saved many millions of lives by producing the knowledge, on the bases of which alkaloid-based medicines have been developed against malaria and other diseases. Chemistry has not only investigated alkaloids, their structures and activity, but also developed methods for their modifications and structural manipulation. These methods are successfully used in both the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology. 

Hulse, J.H. Biotechnologies Past History, Present State and Future Prospects. ... 

Bud, R. (1992) The zymotechnic roots of biotechnology. BJHS (The British Journal for the History of Science), 25,127-144. 

Bud, R. (1993) The uses of life, A History of Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press. 

Figure 13.15 The history of the cost of penicillins. How technical advances can reduce the price of chemicals and so move them from specialities into bulk markets. From King, P.P. (1982) Biotechnology—an industrial view. J. Chem. Technol. BiotechnoL, 32, 2-8. Reproduced with kind permission from Society of Chemical Industry, UK.

Borchardt, R.T., Integration of pharmaceutical discovery and development case histories. Pharmaceutical biotechnology v. 11. 1998, New York Plenum Press, xxix, 607. 

New Medical and Life Sciences Examples This edition adds boxed features of biochemical methods, medical applications, and the history of biochemistry, adding to those already present of medicine, biotechnology, and other aspects of daily life. 

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