Biosensors market

Fiber optic biosensor is one of the first commercially available optical biosensors, marketed by Research International (Monroe, WA) for the detection of foodborne as well as pathogens of biosecurity importance. The manual version of the instrument is called Analyte 2000 and the portable semiautomated version is called RAPTOR . ... 

Based on the sensor technologies developed for these purposes the application will expand enormously to other areas of chemical industry. According to a prognosis by Tschannen et al. (1987), in 1990 the biosensor market in Western Europe will rise to US 440 million. Worldwide, a potential market for 500 million glucose sensors is anticipated. 

The chemical and biosensor market is currently at a stage very similar to immunoassay in the 1970s. Traditional analysis methods, as well as immunoassay, are being challenged by new sensors. The number of sensor products is currently limited, however, and the players are mainly small companies with limited product lines. As yet, there is no single company or group of companies who could be considered dominant in chemical or biosensors. 

Chem. Brit., 24 (1988) 114 quoting The Biosensor Market in the U.S., Frost and Sullivan, Sullivan House, 4 Grosvenor Gardens, London SWIW ODH. 

As of this writing chemoreceptor-based biosensors are not yet on the commercial market. Only a few chemoreceptors have been isolated and their substrates identified. Moreover, those chemoreceptors that have been isolated are fragile and have limited lifetimes. 

Enzyme sensors are based primarily on the immobilization of an enzyme onto an electrode, either a metallic electrode used in amperometry (e.g., detection of the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of glucose) or an ISE employed in potentiometry (e.g., detection of the enzyme-catalyzed liberation of hydronium or ammonium ions). The first potentiometric enzyme electrode, which appeared in 1969 due to Guilbault and Montalvo [140], was a probe for urea with immobilized urease on a glass electrode. Hill and co-workers [141] described in 1986 the second-generation biosensor using ferrocene as a mediator. This device was later marketed as the glucose pen . The development of enzyme-based sensors for the detection of glucose in blood represents a major area of biosensor research. 

Enzyme-based optical sensor applications will be further described in this book. They are still the most widespread optical biosensors but work is needed to overcome limitations such as shelf life, long term stability, in situ measurements, miniaturization, and the marketing of competitive devices. 

A feature of biosensors that should be more fully appreciated by the counterterrorism community is their potential for dual use. Not only will commercial production be more sustainable if there is also a civilian application that produces a steady market demand, but users will have more confidence in a system that becomes thoroughly validated in a more predictable application. If the civilian application is one that also employs potential first responders, such as emergency room staff, veterinarians, or water treatment technicians, such individuals will more fully appreciate the value and limits of the technology. 

There is the widespread feeling that biosensors have been overpromoted. In fact, they have suddenly started to be praised as providing solutions to a wide variety of scientific and societal problems. To a great extent, such overpromotion has resulted from overoptimistic market projections by research bodies with little understanding of the tremendous problems still facing biosensors. Such projections are reported as facts in the media, which raises unrealistic expectations. 

Alocilja, E. C., and Radke, S. M. (2003). Market analysis of biosensors for food safety. Biosens. 

Engineered variants of enzymes could be another approach in biosensor design for the discrimination and detection of various enzyme-inhibiting compounds when used in combination with chemometric data analysis using ANN. The crucial issues that should be addressed in the development of new analytical methods are the possibility of simultaneous and discriminative monitoring of several contaminants in a multi-component sample and the conversion of the biosensing systems to marketable devices suitable for large-scale environmental and food applications. 

However, it should be mentioned that there is a flexible hand-held electrochemical instrument on the market, which can be programmed to be used in a variety of voltammetric/amperometric modes in the field [209]. Although the majority of biosensor applications described in this review were for single analyte detection, it is very likely that future directions will involve development of biosensor arrays for multi-analyte determinations. One example of this approach has been described in an earlier section, where five OPs could be monitored with an array of biosensors based on mutant forms of AChE from D. melanogaster [187]. This array has considerable potential for monitoring the quality of food, such as wheat and fruit. Developments and applications of biosensors in the area of food analysis are expected to grow as consumer demand for improved quality and safety increases. Another area where biosensor developments are likely to increase significantly is in the field of environmental analysis, particularly with respect to the defence of public... 

Biosensors with their oft-quoted (ideal) properties would seem to be ready partners for industrial analysts who want information at point-of-need, but as has been pointed out many times, few examples have had the same success as the blood glucose sensors for use in the home (albeit this is an example from medicine rather than industry). The reasons for this have also been pointed out many times, the principal one being that the development and manufacture of the blood glucose sensors is supported by the sadly huge market for diabetic testing and the large amount of investment capital which accrues to that market [6,7]. Further, blood is a sample of reasonably constant composition (in this context), the information is truly useful to the client and the desire for information at home means there is less competition from laboratory-based instruments. This is in contrast to the diverse requirements for analysis in the food industry (for example) which make up a series of... 

By using the S0D/H202 biosensor set up in our laboratory, we recently evaluated the scavenging properties in vitro of important molecules such as cysteine, melatonin, /(-carotene and acetyl salicylic acid to be considered as antitoxic agents against radicals as well as of fresh vegetal and fruit tissues, or else of extracts of the same fruits and vegetals present on the market and available in the chemists or herbalists shops. 

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