Biomimetic application

Fish reported that a Zn(ll)-imprinted resin, containing a sandwich arrangement of the well known 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN) ligand, was found to be highly selective toward reintroduced Cu(II) in the presence of Fe(lll), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II), after the removal of the Zn(II) template with 6 N HCl [36]. The following parameters were addressed structures of the monomers of the A-(4-vinyl-benzyl)TACN-Zn(II) complexes, polymerisation parameters, structure of the polymer TACN-template metal ion complex and selectivity to reintroduced metal 

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The oxidative activation of arenes is a powerful and versatile synthetic tactic that enables dearomatization to give useful synthons. Central to this chemistry are hydroxylated arenes or arenols, the phenolic functions of which can be exploited to facilitate the dearomatizing process by two-electron oxidation. Suitably substituted arenols can hence be converted, with the help of oxygen- or carbon-based nucleophiles, into ortho-quinone monoketals and ortho-quinols. These 6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dienones are ideally functionalized for the construction of many complex and polyoxygenated natural product architectures. Today, the inherent and multiple reactivity of arenol-derived ortho-quinone monoketals and ortho-quinols species is finding numerous and, in many cases, biomimetic applications in modern organic synthesis. 

Hews-Taylor K (2002) Artificial photosynthesis, basic research in biomimetic applications multilayer organic photovoltaic cell. CSIRO, Australia... 

In the light of the above-mentioned nonexhaustive list of examples, MOFs are used in the fine chemical synthesis either as self-supported catalysts or as catalyst carriers in a ship-in-a-hotth concept by encapsulation or grafting of active species. However, we need to look critically at the possibility to generalize these key examples in order to design ideal and universal hybrid catalysts. The development of future applications of these functionalized solids requires taking into account the synthetic limitations of MOF materials and, motivated by early examples of homochiral MOF catalysts (Section 10.4), it seems necessary to focus efforts toward soft reaction conditions and sophisticated biomimetic applications. 

Considering nature s exploitation of branched topologies coupled with the extensive research on dendritic stmctures, it is apparent that they have a potential to find use in specialized applications, that is, in targeted drug delivery, maaomolecular carrier systems, enzyme-like catalysis, sensors, light harvesting, surface engineering, and biomimetic applications. ... 

Support structure for biomimetic applications. J. Micromech. Microeng. 22 5 2 Zholkovskij, E. 1995. Irreversible thermodynamic and impedance spectroscopy of multilayer membranes.. 1. Colloid Interface Sri. 169 267-288. 

Conclusively, there still remains a lot of research to be done in the field of the electroactive polymer materials. However, as we have a solid understanding of the fundamentals, the research will be focused more on the practical applications. Here we have only demonstrated a few. Given the favorable biocompability of the materials, there is a great potential for a broad spectrum of biomimetic applications in the future. 

Porphyrinoids Highly Versatile, Redox-Active Scaffolds for Supramolecular Design and Biomimetic Applications... 

Another interesting biomimetic application of transglutaminase is the possibility to obtain in situ gelling hydrogels. In these approaches, polymer crosslinking and gel formation are modeled on crosslinking operations found in biology. 

Droplet reactors are basic components of digital microfluidics. There are still a number of opportunities in droplet reactor research. The future directions can be categorized into fundamentals and applications. Fundamental research could result in other platforms for droplet reactors. While electrowetting has been widely reported in the past, microfluidic platforms based on thermocapillary and other forces are still underrepresented. More research on the systematic design of droplet-based reactors is needed to secure industrial adaptation and commercial success. The applications of droplet reactors have still not been fully exploited. The use of droplets as a reaction platform for cells and biomimetic applications is an interesting topic for future research. 

Green, D.W., Ben-Nissan, B., 2010. Biomimetic applications in regenerative medicine scaffolds, transplantation modules, tissue homing device and stem cells. Chapter 21. In Tochilin, V., Amiji, M. (Eds.), Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine. Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore, pp. 821-850. ISBN 978-981-4267-55-7. 

Raymond K.N., Cass M.E., Evans S.L. Metal sequestering agents in bioinorganic chemistry enterobactin mediated iron transport in E. coli and biomimetic applications. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 59 771-778 (1987). 

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