Design, supramolecular

The principles and phenomena outlined within this introductory chapter are the basic concepts upon which supramolecular chemistry is based. A union of these phenomena can lead to intricate and complex designs that form the heart of the many facets of supramolecular chemistry. 

Supramolecular systems have a wide variety of uses, such as trapping molecules within solid state lattices (Chapter 4), sensing and remediation of species from solution (Chapter 2), understanding biological self-assembly (Chapter 3) and nanotechnological devices (Chapter 5). Together, these topics form the core concepts upon which supramolecular chemistry is based. 

---

Apart from molecular, or supramolecular design, modified electrodes can be improved by microstructuring. Two different strategies have been developed multilayered electrodes 272) of microelectrodes 6,273)... 

BIOINSPIRED SUPRAMOLECULAR DESIGN IN POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES... 

Clark TD, Ghadiri MR. Supramolecular design by covalent capture. Design of a peptide cylinder via hydrogen-bond-promoted intermolecular olefin metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 1995 117 12364-12365. 

Guan Z. Supramolecular design in biopolymers and biomimetic polymers for advanced mechanical properties. Pol3mi Int 2007 56 467-473. 

While many metal centers can be reversibly cycled between two (or more) oxidation states, few organic moieties can match such reversibility especially in protic media. Nevertheless, the first supramolecular example of an electroswitch-able luminescent device involved the benzoquinone-hydroquinone couple. The luminescence of 55 " is switched off due to PET in the benzoquinone state of the redox couple. Electrochemical or chemical reduction of the benzoquinone under protic conditions to hydroquinone recovers the luminescence of the tris(2,2 -bipyridyl) Ru(II) unit. It is noted that the luminescence of tris(2,2 -bipyridyl) Ru(Il) itself is electroswitchable. Indeed tris(2,2 -bipyridyl) Ru(II) came to fame as a solar energy material from more humble beginnings as a luminescent redox indicator. However 55 achieves the same switching at a lower magnitude of reduction potential. Here lies the advantage of the supramolecular design. Like tris(2,2 -bipyridyl) Ru(II), many lumophores show electroswitchable luminescence. An... 

Figure 3.15 CPK models of crown ether and spherand complexes were used in early supramolecular design. Modern computational techniques, such as molecular mechanics have, to some extent, replaced such tactile representations. (Reproduced by permission of John Wiley Sons, Ltd).

Ilioudis, C. A., Hancock, K. S. B., Georganopoulou, D. G., Steed, J. W., Insights into supramolecular design from analysis of halide coordination geometry in a protonated polyamine matrix. New J. Chem. 2000, 24, 787-798. 

There is a range of biological self-assembled polymer fibres such as amyloids, actins and fibrin that have important positive and negative roles in biochemistry. These biopolymers act as an inspiration for supramolecular design and share many features in common with their abiotic analogues. We will mention them briefly here in the context of supramolecular polymers. 

N. Yui (ed.), Supramolecular Design for Biological Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2003. 

While supramolecular chemistry of organic compounds has developed to maturity in the past few years,1 supramolecular inorganic chemistry is somewhat at a nascent stage. Supramolecular design provides a means to gener-... 

---