Biomethane

Nandan, R., Tondwalkar, V., and Ray, R.K., Biomethanation of spent wash Heavy metal inhibition of methanogenesis in synthetic medium, J Ferment Bioeng, 69 (5), 276-281, 1990. 

Carbon footprint of transport biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane)... 

Verslagen Van Landboukundige Onderzoekingen, p 64 Korz DJ (2008) Wet digestion of organic waste and production of biomethane in practice. ECN/ ORBIT Workshop, Niirnberg... 

Rintala, J.A. Jain, V.K. Kettunen, R.H. Comparative status of the world-wide commercially available anaerobic technologies adopted for biomethanation of pulp and paper mill effluents. 4th International Exhibition and Conference on Pulp and Paper Industry, PAPEREX-99, New Delhi, India, 14-16 December, 1999. 

Jain, R.K. Gupta, A. Dixit, A.K. Mathur, R.M. Kulkami, A.G. Enhanced biomethanation efficiency of black liquor througb lignin removal process in small agro based paper mills. Bioenergy... 

Akkerman, I., Janssen, M., Rocha, J.M.S., Reith, J.H., and Wijffels, R.H. 2003. Photobiological hydrogen production Photochemical efficiency and bioreactor design. In, Biomethane Bio-hydrogen, (J. H. Reith, R. H. Wijffels, and H. Barten, eds.), Chapter 6, Dutch Biological Hydrogen Foundation, Petten, The Netherlands, pp. 124-145. 

Samples of biological methane ( biomethane ) obtained from a sewage disposal plant in Baltimore, Md., and of petroleum methane ( pe-tromethane ) from an oil refinery were enriched by equal amounts of in a thermal diffusion column. Whereas the activity of the biomethane increased in direct proportion to the amount of enrichment, there was no significant increase in the counting rate of the petro-methane with enrichment (4). The confirmation of Libby s prediction initiated an extensive study of the distribution of in nature. However,... 

Bardiya, N., Somayaji, D., and Khanna, S. (1996). Biomethanation of banana peel and pineapple waste. Bioresour. Technol. 58, 73-76. 

Mohan, S. and Sunny, N. (2008). Study on biomethanization of waste water from jam industries. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 210-213. 

The effect of pressure on biphasic fermentations has been reported for extremely thermophilic organisms (34), supercritical and compressed solvent extractions (35-37), biomethanation of synthesis gases (38), biohydrogenations (39), and bacteria for enhanced oil recovery (40). Fermentation in the presence of compressed and SCF CO2 has been conducted with a goal of using pressurized CO2 as an in situ extraction solvent. Extractive fermentation using compressed solvents could prevent toxicity due to the buildup of a fermentation product—in particular, ethanol—and greatly enhance the yield... 

Biogasification or biomethanization - The process of decomposing biomass with anaerobic bacteria to produce biogas. 

This so-called producer gas can be used on the one hand as a fuel for the provision of heat through direct combustion or used in engines, turbines or even fuel cells. On the other hand the producer gas can act as a feedstock for the production of liquid and/or gaseous fuels (like Fischer-Tropsch diesel, biomethane, methanol and hydrogen). 

Both biomethane production paths complement one another in an ideal way. While the thermo-chemical route focuses on solid biofuels e.g. wood, straw) the bio-chemical route uses wet biomass e.g. animal manure, maize silage). The latter will be realized with plant capacities in the one-digit thermal MW-scale and the former in the two- to three-digit MW-scale. The provided product is basically similar and can be used together with natural gas in any mixture. The erection of the biogas and Bio-SNG conversion plants can be planned directly at the established gas grid. 

Other possible fuels (Fig. 2.38) include biobutanol, biogasoline, biomethane (biogas), various furans (2,5-dimethylfuran, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural) and terpene derivatives (e.g. RJ-4). All of these have advantageous properties and some economic potential in certain application areas. 

Hartmann, H., Angelidaki, L, Ahring, B. K. (2003). Co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal waste with other waste types. Fundamentals of the anaerobic digestion process. In J. Mata-Alvarez (Ed.), Biomethanization of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (pp. 181-197). Cornwall IWA Pubhshing. 

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