Biomaterials peptide-based

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Mart RJ, Osborne RD, Stevens URV (2006) Peptide-based stimuli-responsive biomaterials. Soft Matter 2 822-835... 

The wealth of natural examples provides immense inspiration for the molecular design of novel peptide-based materials that can be potentially applied as devices, sensors, and biomaterials for medical applications. In addition to hierarchical self-assembly, nature uses other mechanisms, for example, enzyme-mediated covalent cross-linking, to build up structural proteins and higher-ordered structures. In the following sections we will focus on manmade peptide-based materials that belong to the three classes listed below. They will be split with respect to the underlying design concept into materials formed by ... 

Besides SAPs, Hartgerink et. al. have developed peptide amphiphiles (PAs) [68], a new class of self-assembling peptide-based biomaterials with potential for bone tissue regeneration. A PA is comprised of three peptide regions, each with different functions, and a hydrophobic aliphatic tail. These components interact with each other, self-assembling to form a cylinder (Figure 7). Particularly, the structure of a PA contains four cysteine amino acids that are adjacent to a hydrophilic aliphatic core. This allows for disulfide bonding, which stabilizes the PA structure when it self-assembles. Furthermore, phosphoserine, which is copious in... 

Due to many attractive properties, peptides are the most conunonly used building blocks and the most comprehensively understood for constructing self-assembled biomaterials. Peptides are reasonably tractable and scalable compared to other moiety for self-assembly and, in terms of biological functionality and flexibility, peptides are highly versatile and facile [3]. In most peptide-based self-assemblies, p-sheet and a-helix are frequently used for assembling nanostructures and, thus, become important basic structures for fabricating self-assembled nanostructures. 

Khadka, D.B. and Haynie, D.T. (2012) Protein- and peptide-based electrospun nanofibers in medical biomaterials. Nanomedicine, 8 (8), 1242—1262. 

Designing Peptide-Based Supramolecular Biomaterials Atomic Force Microscopy Measurements of Supramolecular Interactions... 

The fourth approach is based on the exciting field of nanotechnology. This approach attempts to integrate nanoscale design into the development of biomaterials. Studies with peptide-based materials and hydrogels have been performed with encouraging results. A more detailed examination of these studies is provided in the following discussion. 

Peptide-based nanoflbrous hydrogels, such as the previously described SAPs, have great potential for the controlled release of these exogenous growth factors. There are several techniques currently available to achieve protein delivery via biomaterials (i) modification of the biomaterial so that it may be tether the protein to it (ii) incorporation or encapsulation of the growth factor by the material to allow controlled release (iii) proteolytic release in which the growth factor is tethered by an enzyme degradable... 

Together, these studies demonstrate that supramolecular peptide-based biomaterials have great potential for treating cartilaginous defects caused by traumatic injuries or degenerative diseases. 

O. Tsur-Gang, E. Ruvinov, N. Landa, R. Holbova, M.S. Feinberg, J. Leor, et al.. The effects of peptide-based modification of alginate on left ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 30 (2009) 189—195, http //dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.09.018. 

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