Biomarkers fatly acids

Two saturated fatty acids, pentadecanoic acid (15 0) and heptadeca-noic acid (17 0), in adipose tissue (Baylin et al., 2002) and serum lipids (Smedman et al., 1999 Sun et al., 2007a Wolk et al., 1998) have been proposed and validated as biomarkers of dietary ruminant fat intake, that is, mainly from milk fat and to lesser extent from ruminant meat. The human body is unable to synthesize fatty acids with an uneven number of carbon atoms, whereas ruminal microbes of cows have this ability (Wu and Palmquist, 1991). To measure the content of 15 0 and/or 17 0 in plasma lipids or adipose tissue is consequently a way to estimate the milk fat intake. It is known that the proportion of 15 0 and 17 0... 

Likewise in the single study involving type 2 diabetes, Krachler et al. (2008) measured 15 0 and 17 0 in erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and investigated their relation to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study included 159 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 291 sex- and age-matched controls. Higher proportions of 15 0 and 17 0 were associated with a lower risk of diabetes. After adjustment for BMI, HbAlc, alcohol intake, smoking, and physical activity, the association between the milk fat biomarkers and diabetes remained (Krachler et al., 2008). 

Arab, L. (2003). Biomarkers of fat and fatty acid intake.. Nutr. 133(Suppl. 3), 925S-932S. 

Kuriki, K., et al. (2006) Risk of colorectal cancer is linked to erythrocyte compositions of fatty acids as biomarkers for dietary intakes of fish, fat, and fatty acids. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention, 15, 1791-1798. 

Recently, novel dietary oils with modified fatty acid profiles have been manufactured to improve fatty acid intakes and reduce CVD risk. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of novel high-oleic rapeseed (canola) oil (HOCO), alone or blended with flaxseed oil (FXCO), on circulating lipids and inflammatory biomarkers v. a typical Western diet (WD). Using a randomized, controlled, crossover trial, thirty-six hypercholesterolaemic subjects consumed three isoenergetic diets for 28 d each containing approximately 36% energy from fat, of which 70% was provided by HOCO, FXCO or WD. Dietary fat content of SFA, MUFA, PUFA n-6 and n-3 was 6, 23, 5,... 

---