Bioluminescent biosensors

Stewart G.S.A.B., Loessner M.J. Scherer S. (1996) The bacterial lux gene bioluminescent biosensor revisiXei. Am Soc Microbiol News, 62, 297-301. 

Simoni P, Baraldini M. Bioluminescent biosensors based on 60. genetically engineered living cells in environmental and food analysis. Analytical Lett. 2006 39 1503-1515. 

To estimate water quality, bioluminescent biosensors have been devised and successfully used. They are characterized by rapidity and simplicity of use, high sensitivity, and accuracy. The Collection of Luminous Bacteria IBSO (http //www.bdt.org.brA3dt/msdn/ibso) is being used to develop bioassays for monitoring the environment, using lyophilized luminous bacteria and the luminescent system isolated from them. Bioluminescent assays have an advantage over other biological assays luminescence is easy to measure, the method is rapid, and the measurements can be automated. 

Figure 7. Response curve for NADH from the bioluminescence biosensor.

A Panel of Bioluminescent Biosensors for Characterization of Chemically-Induced Bacterial Stress Responses... 

At the University of Tennessee s Center for Environmental Biotechnology, researchers are developing wireless biosensors that can be used to monitor microbial contamination and radiation exposure in future manned space missions. The researchers are using bioluminescent biosensor organisms built directly onto wireless integrated circuits. They call them Bioluminescent Bioreporter Integrated Circuits (BBIC). Bioluminescent... 

Gautier S.M., Blum L.J., Coulet P.R., Fiber-optic sensor with Co-immobilized bacterial bioluminescence enzymes, Biosensors 1989 4 181. 

Heitzer A., Malachowsky K., Thonnard J.E., Bienkowski P.R., White D.C., Sayler G.S., Optical biosensor for environmental on-line monitoring of naphthalene and salicylate bioavailability with an immobilized bioluminescent catabolic reporter bacterium, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994 60 1487-1494. 

Figure 7. (a) Flow diagram of the optical fibre continuous-flow system for bioluminescence and chemiluminescence measurements S, sample C, carrier stream PP, peristaltic pump IV, injection valve W, waste FO, optical fibre FC, flow-cell, (b) Details of the optical fibre biosensor/flow-cell interface a, optical fibre b, sensing layer c, light-tight flow-cell d, stirring bar. 

Since ideally, a biosensor should be reagentless, that is, should be able to specifically measure the concentration of an analyte without a supply of reactants, attempts to develop such bioluminescence-based optical fibre biosensors were made for the measurements of NADH28 30. For this purpose, the coreactants, FMN and decanal, were entrapped either separately or together in a polymeric matrix placed between the optical fibre surface and the bacterial oxidoreductase-luciferase membrane. In the best configuration, the period of autonomy was 1.5 h during which about twenty reliable assays could be performed. 

S. M. Gautier, I. J. Blum, andP. R. Coulet, Bioluminescence-based fibre optic sensor with entrapped co-reactant An approach for designing a self-contained biosensor, Anal. Chim. Acta 243, 149-156 (1991). 

All the analogues were evaluated for both their activity using AHL biosensors and their ability to competitively inhibit the action of 30,C6-HSL, the natural inducer of bioluminescence in V.fischeri. A similar protocol was also... 

Simple or automated offline or online biodegradability tests can be performed by measuring CO2 or CH4 gas production or O2 consumption [13]. Biosensors may utilize either whole bacterial cells or enzymes to detect specific molecules of hazardous substances. Toxicity can be monitored specifically by whole-cell sensors whose bioluminescence may be inhibited by the... 

Wood, K.V. Gruber, M.G. Transduction in microbial biosensors using multiplexed bioluminescence. Biosens. Bioelectron. 1996, II, 207 -214. 

Figure 3.6 — (A) Fibre-optic biosensor system a septum b needle guide c thermostated reaction vessel d fibre bundle e enzyme membrane f screw cap g stirring bar h reaction medium i black PVC jacket j 0-ring. (B) Continuous-flow fibre-optic sensor system for the bioluminescence determination of NADH. (Reproduced from [41] with permission of Marcel Dekker, Inc.)...

Bioluminescent reactions have been thoroughly investigated with a view to designing integrated flow-through biosensors using firefly and bacterial... 

Figure 3.10 — Flow manifolds for implementation of flow-through biosensors. (A) Flow injection merging-zones manifold for the bioluminescence detennination of ATP. ATP standards (30 fiL) and luciferin (30 fiL) are injected into the buffered carrier streams, each pumped at 0.7 mL/min and synchronously merged 12.5 cm downstream. Distance from merging point to immobilized enzyme coil, 2.2 cm. (Reproduced from [59] with permission of Elsevier Science Publishers). (B) Completely continuous flow manifold for the determination of NADH. (Reproduced from [71] with permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry). (C) Segmented-flow manifold for the determination of L-(+)-lactate. (Reproduced from [65] with permission of Marcel Dekker, Inc.). (D) Single-channel flow injection manifold with immobilized reagent for the detennination of glucose. (Reproduced from [77] with permission of Elsevier Science Publishers).

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