Biological hosts

Negative efficacy, by definition, efficacy is that property of a molecule that causes the receptor to change its behavior toward the biological host. Negative efficacy refers to the property of selective affinity of the molecule for the inactive state of the receptor this results in inverse agonism. Negative efficacy causes the active antagonism of constitutive receptor activity but is only observed in systems that have a measurably elevated basal response due to constitutive activity. It is a property of the molecule and not the system. 

From this information, general principles for the design of spherical molecular hosts have been developed. [11] These principles rely on the use of convex uniform polyhedra as models for spheroid design. To demonstrate the usefulness of this approach, structural classification of organic, inorganic, and biological hosts - frameworks which can be rationally compared on the basis of symmetry - has revealed an interplay between symmetry, structure, and function. [53]... 

Representative chemical and biological hosts are illustrated in Figures 1-7. Despite the analogous weak interactions involved, molecular recognition phenom-... 

Pioneering work in the field of bacterial production of trans-CHD has been conducted by Leistner and co-workers, who used strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae as biological hosts [10]. Mutants with expressed plasmid-encoded genes (entC and/or entB) and defects in the postchorismate pathways have been shown to produce the two trans-CHD 1 and 2 in concentrations of up to 200 mg L 1. (S,S)-2,3-Dihydroxy-... 

Implantation of a synthetic material into mammalian living tissue causes a number of biological host responses, including rejection by the body, encapsulation in newly formed fibrous tissue, and successful incorporation into surrounding tissues. The fate of an implanted device is determined by cellular... 

A more specific approach to delivering agents to biological hosts is to incorporate some selectivity mechanism - this is known as targeted delivery. Selective delivery can be achieved by controlling the size of the polymer particle (vector), or through some chemical functionality on the particle surface that is recognised by the host. 

Biomedical sensors can be classified according to how they are used with respect to the biological system. Table 1.1 shows that sensors can range from noninvasive to invasive as far as the biological host is... 

Well-illustrated survey of conifer biology, hosted by University of Hawaii... 

Monensin appears to be a good example to demonstrate how a biological host molecule utilizes a number of minor conformational changes in order to rearrange its binding sites for optimum complex formation with a guest entity. 

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