Biological hosts enzyme

Truncated Forms. Tmncated forms of hGH have been produced, either through the actions of enzymes or by genetic methods. 2-CAP, generated by the controlled actions of the trypsin, has the first eight residues at the N-terminus of hGH removed. Other tmncated versions of hGH have been produced by modification of the gene before expression in a suitable host. The first 13 residues have been removed to yield a derivative having distinctive biological properties (30). In this latter case the polypeptide chain is not cleaved. 

Bacteria are vulnerable to the selective attack of chemotherapeutic agents because of the many metabolic and molecular differences between them and animal cells. The biology of vims replication, with its considerable dependence on host-cell energy-producing, protein-synthesizing and biosynthetic enzyme systems, severely limits the opportunities for selective attack. Another problem is that many vims diseases only become apparent after extensive viral multiplication and tissue damage has been done. 

However, it has to be realized that biological templates remain inserted in the final nanoparticles and this is not acceptable for many applications. Nevertheless, some recent examples indicate that such biomimetic materials may be suitable for the design of biotechnological and medical devices [32]. For instance, it was shown that silica gels formed in the presence of p-R5 were excellent host matrices for enzyme encapsulation [33]. In parallel, biopolymer/silica hybrid macro-, micro- and nanocapsules were recently obtained via biomimetic routes and these exhibit promising properties for the design of drug delivery materials (see Section 3.1.1) [34,35],... 

A host of biological compounds (e.g., proteins, amino acids, lipids, fats, fatty acids, DNA, RNA, antibodies, enzymes) have been studied via SERS. The extensive progress in the development of dependable SERS substrates over the past few decades has promoted the application of SERS in the rapidly expanding field of biotechnology, as is demonstrated in several... 

---