Biological antiinflammatory activity

Several biologically and pharmacologically active compounds have been prepared from the condensation of the acid chloride of 1-naphthoxyacetic acid with carbazole, iadole, or pyrrole ia 2A[ NaOH solution ia ethanol (63). Also, naphthyloxy derivatives of imidazole, benzimidazole, and benzotriazoles have been synthesized and screened for their antimicrobial, analgesic, and antiinflammatory activities. 2-Naphthyloxy derivatives are comparatively more active than 1-naphthyloxy derivatives (64). 

These natural substances are of great interest due to both their unusual structures and the potent wide-ranging spectrum of biological activities that they possess antitumor activity [10] in vitro and/or in vivo, antiinflammatory activity [7], fungicidal activity [11], herbivorous mammalian antifeedant activity [12], insecticide activity against house-fly larvae and other insects [13] and, lastly, a potent plant growth regulatory activity, both as inhibitors and as stimulants [14-15]. 

The spectrum of llavonoid biological effects is very broad the best known are their estrogenic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiallergic, and antiinflammatory activities (for review, see Cushnie [19]). At least some of these activities are based on non-membrane-related mechanisms, like flavonoid-induced cell cycle arrest. Most of them, however, are claimed in the literature to appear as a consequence of antioxidative properties of flavonoids. 

As shown in Equations 20 and 21, the uncoupling activity and antiinflammatory activity of fenamic acid analogs, including flufenamic and mefenamic acids, are very similar in their dependence on both hydro-phobic and electronic effects of substituents. In these equations, the subscript, i, means that the drug activities are calculated on the basis of concentration of the ionized form. It has been suggested that these two biological effects, which are also observed in many other acidic antiinflammatory drugs, have similar physicochemical mechanisms in the interaction with receptors (44). 

Benzodiazepines and 3//-1,5-benzodiazepines are important classes of compounds because of their interesting pharmacological properties. They show anticonvulsant, antianxiety, analgesic, sedative, antidepressive, hypnotic, antiinflammatory activity and also potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Besides their biological relevance, benzodiazepines have also found application as dyes for acrylic fibers [163]. 

Another COX-2-selective non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, rofecoxib, increased plasma concentrations of the biologically less active isomer, R(+) warfarin, which accounted for an approximately 8% increase in INR at steady state in healthy volunteers (33). 

Alka-Seltzer aspirin sodium bicarbonate. Alkeran melphalan. allantoin [ban, usan) (glyoxylic dlureide) occurs in allantoic fluid. It is a product of purine metabolism, very widely distributed in biological systems, including numerous plants. It has antiinflammatory activity and was formerly used topically as a dermatological agent in preparations for the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions (though its efficacy is disputed). 

A variety of benzazocines possess biological activity. For example, a number of substituted benzazocines exhibit analygesic and antiinflammatory activity, e.g., 157.240,301 105 Benzazocines have also been proven to affect the central nervous system306 31 ° e.g., compounds of the type 158 are used as antidepressants, stimulants, sedatives, and hypnotics. Derivatives of 159... 

The biological activity of 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives was reviewed in 1981 by De.3 Since then, further claims have been made regarding the auxinlike activity of 3-acetic acid derivatives,52 the analgesic activity of 3-benzyl derivatives,53,54 the antithrombogenic activity of 5-chloro-2-alkyl compounds,54,55 the fungicidal activity of 3-thio derivatives,56,57 the antiinflammatory activity of 2-halophenyl derivatives,58 and the diuretic effects59 of l,2-benzisothiazole-6-oxyacetic acid derivatives. 

Unangst, P.C., Connor, D.T., Cetenko, W.A., Sorenson, R.J., Kostlan, C.R., Sircar, J.C., Wright, C.D., Schrier, D.J. and Dyer, R.D. (1994) Synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-[[3,5-Bis(l,l-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]methylene]oxazoles, -thiazoles, and imidazoles Novel dual 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors with antiinflammatory activity. J. Med. Chem. 37 322-328. 

Many oleane and ursane triterpenoids are reported to have interesting biological, pharmacological, and medicinal activities similar to those of retinoids and steroids. These include antiinflammatory activity, suppression of tumor promotion, suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis, protection of the liver against toxic injury, induction of collagen synthesis, and induction of differentiation in leukemia or teratocarcinoma cells [197]. 

Quinoxaline derivatives attract many chemists due to their wide range of biological activities including antifungal, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities <88H2481>. 

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