Biogenic amines determination using

Pena-GaUego, A., Hemandez-Orte, R, Cacho, J., Rerreira, V. (2009). Biogenic amine determination in wines using solid-phase extraction a comparative study. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 3398-3401. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.106. 

Interlaboratory studies were carried out on the precision characteristics of the analytical methods used for determination of certain biogenic amines in fish and fish products, as required by German law. These included putrescine (4a), cadaverine (4b), tyramine (5) and histamine (6)78. 

Fluorescence detection, alone or with the aid of derivatizing reagents to enhance detector responses and improve the chromatographic resolution, has also been used for the determination of biogenic amines. Lakshmana and Trichur (1997) used native fluorescence to analyze NE, DA, and 5HT in rat brain utilizing an isocratic separation on an ODS CIS column. The detection limits reported were 100-250 pg on column. 

Simon-Sarkadi, L. and Holzapfel, W.H. (1994). Determination of biogenic amines in leafy vegetables using acid analyser, Z. Lebensmittel. Unters. Forsch., 198, 230. 

It is used in IC systems when the amperometric process confers selectivity to the determination of the analytes. The operative modes employed in the amperometric techniques for detection in flow systems include those at (1) constant potential, where the current is measured in continuous mode, (2) at pulsed potential with sampling of the current at dehned periods of time (pulsed amperometry, PAD), or (3) at pulsed potential with integration of the current at defined periods of time (integrated pulsed amperometry, IPAD). Amperometric techniques are successfully employed for the determination of carbohydrates, catecholamines, phenols, cyanide, iodide, amines, etc., even if, for optimal detection, it is often required to change the mobile-phase conditions. This is the case of the detection of biogenic amines separated by cation-exchange in acidic eluent and detected by IPAD at the Au electrode after the post-column addition of a pH modiher (NaOH) [262]. 

There are two main reasons for determining biogenic amines in foods (1) their potential toxicity and (2) the possibility to use them as food quality markers (quality control of raw materials, monitoring fermentation processes, process control, etc.) [281]. 

Several analytical techniques including capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), GC, lEC, and HPLC, have been proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in various foods. Among these, RP-HPLC is considered the most suitable one. HPLC methods used for amine determination usually involve two steps amine extraction from the matrix and analytical determination. Depending on the complexity of food matrix and the selectivity of the final analytical determination, a further purification step may be necessary prior to the analytical determination. To ensure adequate sensitivity, a derivatization step is generally required before injection [282]. 

Biogenic amines, such as histamine [131], adenine [132], dopamine [133] and melamine [134], have been determined using chemosensors combining MIP recognition and PM transduction at QCM. Electronically conducting MIPs have been used in these chemosensors as recognition materials. Initially, functional electroactive bis(bithiophene)methane monomers, substituted either with the benzo-18-crown-6 or 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl, or dioxaborinane moiety, were allowed to form complexes, in ACN solutions, with these amines as templates. Subsequently, these complexes were oxidatively electropolymerized under potentiodynamic conditions. The resulting MIP films deposited onto electrodes of quartz resonators were washed with aqueous base solutions to extract the templates. 

Antila, P., Antila, V., Mattila, J., and Hakkarainen, H. (1984). Biogenic amines in cheese. 1. Determination of biogenic amines in Finnish cheese using high performance liquid chromatography. Milchwissenschaft 39, 81-85. 

Form of chromatography in which mobile solvent passes through a column packed with a non-polar solid phase. The organic molecules are then detected fluorimetrically or electrochemically. Commonly used to determine trace concentrations of biogenic amines. 

Saccani, G., Tanzi, E., Pastore, P., Cavalli, S., and Rey, M. (2005). Determination of biogenic amines in fresh and processed meat by suppressed ion chromatography-mass spectrometry using a cation-exchange column. J. Chromatogr. A. 1082, 43-50. 

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