Biodegradable polymeric materials

Zhu, K. J., Xiangzhou, L., and Shilin, Y., Preparation and properties of D,L-lactide and ethylene oxide copolymer A modifying biodegradable polymeric material, J. Polym. Sei. Part C Polvm. Lett.. 24, 331-337, 1986. 

A distinct group of synthetic depsipeptides comprises of compounds that do not originate from natural product biodiversity several artificial substrates of peptidases and esterases belong to this group, as well as polydepsipeptides that are considered as potentially biodegradable polymeric materials. A specific feature of depsipeptide synthesis is the necessity to acylate a hydroxy acid component, which requires stronger activation of the amino acid component in comparison to normal peptide synthesis. Otherwise, the main principles of depsipeptide synthesis are similar to those of peptides. Frequently, formation of the ester... 

Biodegradable polymeric materials can be classified into three categories based on their origins, i.e., chemically synthetic materials, natural products and composites of both chemical and natural products. Several aliphatic... 

The third category of biodegradable polymeric materials is composites of both chemical and natural products. They are designed to have superior properties compared to those of the component materials, or to supply... 

In this chapter, solid-state structure and properties relative to the morphologies of several chemically and bacterially synthesized biodegradable polymeric materials are described based mainly on the results obtained for bacterially synthesized polyesters by high resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy. This chapter briefly discusses polymer blends, which also includes polysaccharides and proteins, since more details are given in other chapters of this book. Several books on biodegradable polymers have been published [1,2], and many review articles on structure and properties of bacterially synthesized polyesters have also been published elsewhere [7-10, 19-22]. 

Y. Doi (Ed), Sei-Bunkaisei Kobunshi Zairyo (Biodegradable Polymeric Materials). Kogyo Chosakai Publishing Co., Tokyo, 1990. 

Biodegradable polymeric materials based on starch 00UK494. 

Matsumura, S. Osanai, Y. Soeda, Y. Suzuki, Y. Toshima, K. Handbook of Biodegradable Polymeric Materials and Their Applications 2006, 1, pp. 239-275. 

The over growing environmental pressure caused by the wide spread consumption of petroleum based polymers and plastics has hastened the development of biodegradable and environmentally acceptable materials. Biopolymers derived from various natural resources such as proteins, cellulosics, starch and other polysaccharides are regarded as the alternate materials. Biodegradable polymeric materials derived from renewable sources are the most promising materials because of their easy availability and cost effectiveness. Biodegradable modified polysaccharides have been found to possess varied applications such as salt resistant absorption of water [109]. 

Colloidal nanosystems based on biodegradable polymeric materials that combine the capabilities of stimulus response and molecular recognition promise significant improvements in the ocular delivery of therapeutic agents. 

Successful large-scale production of PHA is largely determined by the availability and constant supply of cheap fermentative substrates. At the same time, the overall cost involved in the production of this biodegradable polymeric material needs to be controlled and reduced in order to penetrate and compete in the world s commodity market. Palm oil has been identified as suitable carbon feedstock and potential strains capable of utilizing this raw material have been discussed in the above sections. However, waste disposals from palm oil mill and the amount of energy needed for PHA production are other issues that require equivalent attention when PHA is produced in large scale. 

Biodegradable polymeric materials have been used successfully in protein delivery. Some of the characteristics of biodegradable carriers that can be manipulated to maintain protein stability include water swelling, hydrophobicity, and chemical nature of degradation products [79],... 

Research Program, Dairy Industry Waste as a source of Biodegradable Polymeric Materials, Wheypol. 

Aliphatic polyesters are the most representative examples of biodegradable polymeric materials. Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, PHA, are well known biocompatible and biodegradable polyesters that are produced by various microorganisms as carbon and energy reserves. The physical properties of PHAs vary from crystalline-brittle to soft-sticky materials depending on the length of the side aliphatic chain on p carbon ... 

Beyond the suggestive ambiguity of the terminology, it is worthwhile highlighting that the term bioplastics is not even comprised in the EU Technical Report relevant to the nomenclature concerning degradable and biodegradable polymeric materials and relevant plastic items [3]. 

It is worth mentioning that the positions taken by the unbelievers and disparagers of the oxo-biodegradable polymeric materials and plastics (OBPs) are often based on the following points ... 

Table 14.3 List of more recent papca on oxo-biodegradable polymeric materials and relevant plastic items...

Roller, M., Salerno, A., Muhr, A. etal. (2013) Polyhydroxyalkanoates biodegradable polymeric materials from renewable resources. Materiali and Technologije, 47, (1), 5-12. 

Biodegradable polymeric materials may be used in almost all sectors, having the advantages of biodegradabUity tailor made to their specific apphcations. 

During the past two decades significant advances have been made in the development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications. The recent trends, applications and materials have been reviewed (1,2). 

Witt, U., Yamamoto, M., Seeliger, U, Muller, R., and Warzelhan, V. (1999) Biodegradable polymeric materials-Not the origin but the chemical structure determines biodegradability. Angew. Chem. Int Ed., 38 (10), 1438. 

Chiellini E, Solaro R (1996) Biodegradable polymeric materials. Adv Mater 8 305-313 Cyras VP, Commisso MS, Mauri AN et al (2007) Biodegradable double-layer films based on biological resources polyhydroxybutyrate and cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 106 749-756 De Koning GJM (1993). Prospects of bacterial poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates]. Center for Polymers and Composites (CPC), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven Doi Y (1990) Microbial polyesters. Wiley, New York... 

U. Witt, M. Ycunamoto, U. Seehger, R.-J. Muller, V. Wcuzelhcui, Biodegradable polymeric materials—not the origin hut the chemiccd structure determines hiodegradability. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 38,1438-1442 (1999). 

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