Lignocellulosic conversion

Figure 2.13 did not include all the biomass conversion processes discussed above. It only considered those that produce transportation fuels. The processes that convert bio-feedstock into biocrude or electricity could not be included because their products have a different value than the transportation fuels. Such a comparison can be attempted by displaying the total manufacturing cost of biobased products in a graph that shows typical relationships between the price of crude and that its derivatives, i.e., of fuel oil, transportation fuel and electricity. This has been done in Fig. 2.14 for the lignocellulose conversion processes. 

Lange JP. Lignocellulose conversion an introduction to chemistry, process and economics. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefin. 2007 1(1) 39 48. 

Borrion, A.L., McManus, M.C., and Hammond, G.P. (2012) Environmental life cycle assessment of lignocellulosic conversion to ethanol a review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev., 16, 4638-4650. 

Watanabe, T. Potential of cellulosic ethanol. In Lignocellulose conversion Enzymatic and microbial tools for bioethanol production, Faraco, V, Ed., Springer Verlag Berlin, 2013, pp. 1-20. 

---