Bioavailability and metabolism

Cyanidin is the most common anthocyanin in foods. In addition, anthocyanins are stabilized by the formation of complexes with other flavonoids (co-pigmentation). In the United States, the daily anthocyanin consumption is estimated at about 200 mg. Several promising studies have reported that consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods is associated with reductions of the risks of cancers - and atherosclerosis and with preventive effects against age-related neuronal and behavioral declines. These beneficial effects of anthocyanins might be related to their reported biological actions such as modulators of immune response and as antioxidants. Knowledge of anthocyanin bioavailability and metabolism is thus essential to better understand their positive health effects. 

Soul-Lawton, J., Seaber, E., On, N., Wootton, R., Roian, P., Posner, J., Absolute bioavailability and metabolic disposition of valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of acyclovir, following oral administration to humans, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1995, 39, 2759— 2764. 

Other factors such as drug interactions that result in inhibition or induction of both CYP3A4 and PGP may influence the bioavailability and metabolism of their... 

Cerda B, Llorach R, Ceron JJ, Espin JC and Tomas-Barberan FA. 2003b. Evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism in the rat of punicalagin, an antioxidant polyphenol from pomegranate juice. Eur J Nutr 42(1) 18—28. 

Macrolides/azalides Digoxin Decreased digoxin bioavailability and metabolism Monitor digoxin SDC avoid if possible... 

Fluorine is available to humans, plants and animals mainly in the form of fluoride ion (F ). Body fluoride status depends on numerous factors, including the total amount of fluoride ingested daily, its bioavailability and metabolism. The adequate intake (Al) of fluoride from all sources is set by the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of the Dietary Reference Intakes at 0.05 mg/day/kg body weight this intake is recommended for all ages above 6 months, because it confers a high level of protection against dental caries and is not associated with any known unwanted health effects [8]. 

The bioavailability and metabolism of catechins was studied in humans after consumption of black tea containing 15.48 mg of EGC, 36.54 mg of... 

Recent evidence on the bioavailability and metabolism of these compounds in vivo suggests that dietary flavonoids are less likely to act as antioxidants. Most flavonoids may not have significant antioxidant activity in vivo for two reasons (1) bioavailability of dietary flavonoids is very poor (their concentration in vivo... 

Presents state-of-the-art methodologies for polyphenolic analysis, bioavailability, and metabolism... 

Wiegand HJ, Ottenwalder H, Bolt HM. 1987. Bioavailability and metabolism of hexavalent chromium compounds. Toxicol Environ Chem 14 263-275. 

AMS has been used for many years to study the pharmacokinetics of (3-carotene, as has been reviewed by van Lieshout et al. (2003). Recent studies have been performed on the absorption of (3-carotene and metabolism to vitamin A (Dueker et ah, 2000 Hickenbottom et ah, 2002a) and other metabolites (Ho et ah, 2007) in humans. AMS has also been used to monitor the kinetics of lutein metabolism (Moura et ah, 2005) and lycopene bioavailability and metabolism (Ross et ah, 2011) in humans. 

Tomas-Barberan, F.A. Espin, J.C. Garcia-Conesa, M., 2009. Bioavailability and metabolism of ellagic acid and ellagitannins. In Chemistry and Biology of Ellagitannins - An Underestimated Class of Bioactive Plant Polyphenols (Quideau, S., Ed.). World Scientific, London, pp. 273-297. 

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