Binder properties, comparison

Comparison of Binder Properties After Thin-Film Oven Test (AASHTO T-179)... 

Schmidt PC, Vortisch W. Influence of manufacturing method of fillers and binders on their tableting properties comparison of 8 commercially available sorbitols [in German]. Pharm Ind 1987 49 495-503. 

It was noted that the majority of directly compressible excipients, including silicihed microcrystalHne cellulose (SMCC), lactose monohydrate (Tablettose 70), Ludipress-LCE, Copolyvidone (Kollidone VA-64) and microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH-105), failed to create coherent tablets. A commercially available fine-grade hydroxypropylcel-lulose (HPC-SSL-SFP) was also chosen for the comparison to assess the binder properties of PVP-Leu and PVP-SD. The results su ested that HPC-SSL-SFP could produce... 

It should also be noted that attention should be taken to the fact that the performance of SiO-anodes depend importantly on the choice of binder, which makes difficult the quantitative comparison of the electrochemical performance between different works. The study of the electrochemical properties for different binders has been made by Komaba et al. [423] who showed that the electrochemical reversibility of SiO anodes is drastically improved by using polyfacrylic acid) (PAA) as the binder in comparison to the PVdF, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), and polyfvinyl alcohol) PVA hinders. Polyimide as hinder was also found to give very good results [424], A concern with SiO is the thermal instahility due to the sudden exothermic peak in the region of 350-400 °C. This enthalpy peak, however, is importantly reduced (hut not suppressed) hy coating SiO with anatase TiOa [425]. This has been attributed to the thermal stability of lithiated Ti02 and its SEI [279, 280]. 

I. Gerroff, A. Milchev, W. Paul, K. Binder. A new off-lattice Monte Carlo model for polymers A comparison of static and dynamic properties with the bond fluctuation model and application to random media. J Chem Phys 95 6526-6539, 1993. 

Fibrous fillers have often been reported to increase considerably 1 in comparison with unfilled systems [171,176, 189, 197, 198]. In this case, however, the inlet loss is due not to the highly elastic properties of the melt but to other reasons, such as pushing of the binder through the package (plug) of filler in the inlet zone. Pushing of the filler package forth into the channel, etc. 

This structure has superior water-resistant properties in comparison to conventional polyols used for PU synthesis. Room temperature cures are easily obtained with typical urethane catalysts. Short chain diols, fillers and plasticizers may also be used in their formulations in order to vary physical properties. Formulations usually with NCO/OH ratio of 1.05 are used for this purpose. Such urethanes are reported to be flexible down to about -70 °C. HTPB is regarded as a work horse binder for composite propellants and PBXs. HTPB also successfully competes with widely used room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicones and special epoxy resins for the encapsulation of electronic components. HTPB-based PUs are superior in this respect as epoxy resins change their mechanical properties widely with temperature. 

To summarize, the cost of production of NHTPB is lower than that of poly(NiMMO) or Poly(GlyN). However, NHTPB s performance is poor in comparison to them. On the basis of trials conducted so far, it seems likely that poly(GlyN) will prove to be a world leader in the field of energetic polymers. A summary of the properties of energetic binders for use with both explosives and propellants is given in Table 4.6a,b. 

The optimum or minimum allowable substitution ratio is then established by means of a series of justification tests at different binder contents. Figure 15 shows a comparison between the Marshall design properties of a conventional mixture using an asphalt binder and a 30 70 SEA binder. As indicated the optimum substitution ratio based on the maximum stability and equivalent air voids is about 1.7 1. Since minimizing the substitution ratio has a direct impact on the economic benefits to be realized by replacing the asphalt with sulfur these justification tests are to be recommended in all mix designs. 

Properties of the HDA boards prepared from the activated substrate may be compared to the phenol-formaldehyde (PF) boards prepared using 6 resin solids. Comparison may also be made to the property requirements from commercial standard CS 236-66, type 2 medium density (below 0.8 g/cc), Class 1 particleboard fabricated using durable and highly moisture resistant and heat resistant binders suitable for interior and certain exterior applications. Specifications of this class of particleboard, generally prepared from PF resins, are MOR, minimum = 2,500 psi M0E, minimum =... 

Burrows in 1959 contributed a study based on making a floor tile from the cork fraction of Douglas-fir bark (34). Added binder in the dry-process tiles was either 5% butadiene styrene or diethylene glycol. Comparison tests were made against tiles from Mediterranean oak cork. Dimensional stability was better in Douglas-fir cork tiles, and most other properties compared favorably. No known commercial application resulted. 

The calculated detonation parameters as well as the equations of state for the detonation products (EOS DP) of the explosive materials TKX-50 and MAD-X1 (and also for several of their derivatives) were obtained using the computer program EXPL05 V.6.01. These values were also calculated for standard explosive materials which are commonly used such as TNT, PETN, RDX, HMX, as well as for the more powerful explosive material CL-20 for comparison. The determination of the detonation parameters and EOS DP was conducted both for explosive materials having the maximum crystalline density, and for porous materials of up to 50 % in volume. The influence of the content of the plastic binder which was used (polyisobutylene up to 20 % in volume) on all of the investigated properties was also examined. 

From these calculations, an essentially complete overview of the explosion properties and characteristics of shock wave action on barriers was obtained for several new and also for several standard explosive materials for comparison (Figs. 9.36, 9.37, 9.38 and Tab. 9.13). The results which were obtained suggest that in a wide range of their initial states (porosity, inert binders), the new explosive materials TKX-50 and MAD-X1 possess better explosive properties and shock wave action on practically every compact barrier which was considered, in comparison with standard explosive materials including the military explosive RDX. The large number of the calculated results which were obtained can be used to study the influence of different factors on the explosion and shock wave action of new explosive materials. Furthermore, some of these results can then be used to plan experiments to confirm the predicted properties. 

Gerroff, A. Milchev, K. Binder, and W. Paul, /. Chem. Phys., 98, 6526 (1993). A New Off-Lattice Monte Carlo Model for Polymers A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Properties with the Bond-Fluctuation Model and Application to Random Media. 

Kottke, M.K. Chueh, H.-R. Rhodes, C.T. Comparison of disintegrant and binder activity of three corn starch products. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 1992, 18 (20), 2207-2223. Nasipuri, R.N. Kuforiji, F.O. Effect of granule size of starch as a direct compression carrier on the physical properties of chlorpheniramine tablets. Pharm. Ind. 1981, 43 (10), I037-I04I. 

One of the reasons of defective plastics with low anticorrosion properties (especially films) is phase instability and thermal destruction of Cl and other low-molecular-weight components under elevated temperatures. In this regard, the thermal stability values of LDPE, PI and their blends with PE and some VCI of the PHC series are also cited in Table 1.6 for comparison [50,51]. Above considered low-molecular-weight components have Tdi at or above the LDPE processing temperatures and will not undergo thermal destruction during combination with the polymer binder melt. High thermal stability of VCI of PHC series is one of the merits of inhibited plastics. 

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