Filler packaging

One cost efficient design is the form-fill-seal line which manufacturers flash cut bags, fills and seals them, places them on pallets, and wraps the pallets in plastic film. The rate and quality of filling can be improved by the use of a spout carousel. 

In the three spout carousel design, one bag is filled to the required weight, while the second bag is being air evacuated, and the third is being closed. 

Intermediate bulk containers vary in size and construction but usually contain about 1000 kg of product. These containers are made from coated or uncoated cloth and are equipped with a lifting collar at the top and a discharge valve at the bottom. Although in a chemical plant environment fillers packed in paper sacks is a common sight only 10% of fillers are transported in packages, the remainder is shipped in bulk. Only industries which are particularly strict about moisture content will prefer material packed in sacks. From the point of view of material handling and exposure to dust, fillers packed in sacks are least safe because they cause the highest emission of dust in the work environment. 

---

Fibrous fillers have often been reported to increase considerably 1 in comparison with unfilled systems [171,176, 189, 197, 198]. In this case, however, the inlet loss is due not to the highly elastic properties of the melt but to other reasons, such as pushing of the binder through the package (plug) of filler in the inlet zone. Pushing of the filler package forth into the channel, etc. 

The rate of wear is reduced to levels comparable with those obtained with good filler packages for doses in excess of 20 M Rad, At this point the crystallinity is calculated as ca. 80% from density measurements the virgin polymer has a crystallinity of ca.60%. Eiss and Hu found similar trends although they also detect the expected trend with increasing molecular weight (50). 

AWS) has issued specifications covering the various filler-metal systems and processes (2), eg, AWS A5.28 which appHes to low alloy steel filler metals for gas-shielded arc welding. A typical specification covers classification of relevant filler metals, chemical composition, mechanical properties, testing procedures, and matters related to manufacture, eg, packaging, identification, and dimensional tolerances. New specifications are issued occasionally, in addition to ca 30 estabUshed specifications. Filler-metal specifications are also issued by the ASME and the Department of Defense (DOD). These specifications are usually similar to the AWS specification, but should be specifically consulted where they apply. 

Olefin Polymers. The flame resistance of polyethylene can be increased by the addition of either a halogen synergist system or hydrated fillers. Similar flame-retarder packages are used for polypropylene (see Olefin polymers). Typical formulations of the halogen synergist type are shown in Table 15 the fiUer-type formulations are in Table 16. 

LLDPE by itself does not present any health-related hazard on account of its chemical inertness and low toxicity. Consequently, film, containers, and container Hds made from LLDPE are used on a large scale in food and dmg packaging. Some LLDPE grades produced with unsupported metallocene catalysts have an especially high purity due to high catalyst productivity and a low contamination level of resins with catalyst residue. FDA approved the use of film manufactured from these resins for food contact and for various medical appHcations (80). However, if LLDPE articles contain fillers, processing aids, or colorants, thek health factors must then be judged separately. 

A sohd fiber paperboard package is a sandwich stmcture composed of inner pHes called filler stock and outer pHes called facings. SoHd fiber differs from cormgated in that the inner pHes are not fluted. Sohd fiber packaging is typically used where toughness is important. Many sohd fiber packages are reusable. 

When selecting a particular paster adhesive, coating material, and coating process for sohd fiber packaging, the fact that sohd fiberboard lacks the open-flute stmcture (to facihtate exit of moisture from internal phes of paperboard) should be considered. It is generally desirable to minimize the amount of process water added with the adhesive or coating with sohd fiber products. Moisture trapped in the filler phes can result in pin holes or bhsters in the coating and/or warp of the sheet (15). 

The low density of SPHs and SPH composites allows applications as a high-strength, light-weight stractural material as well as a packaging material. They will be also good as insulators and fillers in structures with energy-sensitive applications. 

---