Beryllium-aluminum alloys

Alloys of beryllium and of other metals with beryllium are also important. Beryllium-aluminum alloy (62%Be, 38%A1) and beryllium-copper master alloy are both available commercially The incorporation of 2% Be into copper greatly increases the hardness and strength of the metal without reducing its electrical and thermal conductance. This is the single largest use of beryllium. 

Beryllium metal, beryllium-aluminum alloy, beryl ore, beryllium chloride, beryllium fluoride, beryllium hydroxide, beryllium sulfate, and beryllium oxide all produce lung tumors in rats exposed by inhalation or intra-tracheally. The oxide and the sulfate produce lung tumors in monkeys after intrabronchial implantation or inhalation. A number of compounds produce osteosarcomas in rabbits after their intravenous or intramedullary administration. ... 

USE Source of neutrons when bombarded with alpha particles according to the equation jBe + JHe J C + jn This yields about 30 neutrons per million alpha particles. Also as neutron reflector and neutron moderator in nuclear reactors. In beryllium copper and beryllium aluminum alloys (by direct reduction of beryllium oxide with carbon in the presence of Cu nr Al). In radio tube parts. In aerospace structures. In inertial guidance systems. 

Beryllium and aluminum are virtually insoluble in one another in the soHd state. The potential therefore exists for an aluminum—beryllium metal matrix composite with lower density and higher elastic modulus, ie, improved specific modulus, than conventional aluminum alloys produced by ingot or powder metal processing. At least one wrought composite system with nominally 62 wt % Be and 38 wt % A1 has seen limited use in aerospace appheations (see Composites). 

Many elemental additions to copper for strengthening and other properties also deoxidize the alloy. A side benefit of such additions is elimination of susceptibihty to hydrogen embrittlement. Such deoxidizing additions include beryllium, aluminum, siUcon, chromium, zirconium, and magnesium. 

For the elucidation of chemical reaction mechanisms, in-situ NMR spectroscopy is an established technique. For investigations at high pressure either sample tubes from sapphire [3] or metallic reactors [4] permitting high pressures and elevated temperatures are used. The latter represent autoclaves, typically machined from copper-beryllium or titanium-aluminum alloys. An earlier version thereof employs separate torus-shaped coils that are imbedded into these reactors permitting in-situ probing of the reactions within their interior. However, in this case certain drawbacks of this concept limit the filling factor of such NMR probes consequently, their sensitivity is relatively low, and so is their resolution. As a superior alternative, the metallic reactor itself may function as the resonator of the NMR probe, in which case no additional coils are required. In this way gas/liquid reactions or reactions within supercritical fluids can be studied... 

This process, originally designated as RSR (rapid solidification rate), was developed by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Group and first operated in the late 1975 for the production of rapidly solidified nickel-base superalloy powders.[185][186] The major objective of the process is to achieve extremely high cooling rates in the atomized droplets via convective cooling in helium gas jets (dynamic helium quenching effects). Over the past decade, this technique has also been applied to the production of specialty aluminum alloy, steel, copper alloy, beryllium alloy, molybdenum, titanium alloy and sili-cide powders. The reactive metals (molybdenum and titanium) and... 

Other Baths. Other forms of zinc plating are also in use. Immersion zinc deposits are used as a preparatory step in electroless plating or electroplating of aluminum (146), magnesium (147), and beryllium (148) alloys. Formulations vary with the application typical baths are listed in the references cited. 

Some of the tool materials incorporate different special metals providing improvements in heat transfer, wear resistance of mating mold halves, etc. These special metals include beryllium copper alloy, brass, aluminum, kirksite, and sintered metal. 

SYNS ALUMINUM ALLOY, ALBe ALUMINUM BERYLLIUM ALLOY... 

Most instruments are composed of a wide variety of materials. Metallic components are fabricated of beryllium alloys, copper alloys, 300 and 400 Series stainless steels, steel alloys, aluminum alloys. 

Least Noble Magnesium Beryllium Aluminum Cadmium Low Alloy Steel Aluminum Bronze Copper... 

Use Fibers, composites, adhesives (high adhesion to steel, titanium, beryllium, and aluminum alloys), coatings, ablative materials. 

Low 1 to 5.9 Aluminum alloys Magnesium alloys Beryllium Titanium alloys... 

The aqueous beryllium sulfate is separated from the solids by counter-current decantation thickener operations. A beryllium concentrate is produced by a counter-current solvent extraction process (Maddox and Foos 1966). This concentrate is stripped of its beryllium content with aqueous ammonium carbonate. By heating to 70 °C, aluminum and iron are precipitated and then removed by filtration. Precipitation of beryllium basic carbonate occurs when the solution is heated to 95 °C. The carbonate is filtered, deionized water is added, and heating to 165 °C yields a beryllium hydroxide product which is the common input to beryllium-copper alloy, beryllium oxide ceramics, or pure beryllium metal (Table 2.1-2). 

Carbides Steel, nitriding Steel, carburizing Steel, water-hardening Steel, oil-hardening Steel, air-hardening Nickel, cobalt alloy Steel, prehardened 44 Rc Beryllium, copper Steel, prehardened 28 Rc Aluminum bronze Steel, low alloy 6t carbon Kirksite (zinc alloy) Aluminum, alloy Brass... 

Aluminum and aluminum alloys Copper and copper alloys Beryllium Sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium nitrate (NaNOs)... 

As blow molds do not have to withstand high pressure, a wide selection of construction materials is available. The ultimate selection will depend on a balance of the following factors cost, thermal conductivity, and required service life. The more commonly employed materials for small parts are aluminum and aluminum alloys, steel, beryllium copper (Be/Cu), and cast zinc alloys (Kirksite, etc.). Aluminum molds are excellent heat conductors, are easy to machine, can be cast, and are reasonably durable, particularly when fitted with harder pinch blades and neck inserts (Table 4-9). 

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