Cellulose, benzyl

By use of a modification of the well-known Williamson synthesis it is possible to prepare a number of cellulose ethers. Of these materials ethyl cellulose has found a small limited applieation as a moulding material and somewhat greater use for surfaee eoatings. The now obsolete benzyl cellulose was used prior to World War II as a moulding material whilst methyl eellulose, hyroxyethyl eellulose and sodium earboxymethyl eellulose are useful water-soluble polymers. 

Only one other eellulose ether has been marketed for moulding and extrusion applieations, benzyl cellulose. This material provides a rare example of a polymer whieh although available in the past is no longer commercially marketed. The material had a low softening point and was unstable to both heat and light and has thus been unable to compete with the many alternative materials now available. 

Contact of cellulose acetate with 1200 1 of uncooled anhydrous acid in acetic anhydride led to a particularly disastrous explosion [1], and interaction of benzyl cellulose with boiling 72% acid was also explosive [3], Perchlorate esters of cellulose may have been involved in all these incidents. 

Contact of the hot concentrated acid or the cold anhydrous acid with cellulose (as paper, wood fibre or sawdust, etc.) is very dangerous and may cause a violent explosion. Many fires have been caused by long-term contact of diluted acid with wood (especially in fume cupboards) with subsequent evaporation and ignition [1,2]. Contact of cellulose acetate with 1200 1 of uncooled anhydrous acid in acetic anhydride led to a particularly disastrous explosion [1], and interaction of benzyl cellulose with boiling 72% acid was also explosive [3], Perchlorate esters of cellulose may have been involved in all these incidents. 

Cellulose and Derivatives. Hot concentrated acid or cold anhydrous acid ignites on paper, wood fiber, or sawdust long-term contact of dilute acid with wood may cause fire explodes on contact with cellulose acetate or benzyl cellulose.13... 

The microspheres mentioned above are all spherical and no change of the diameter and aggregation of the microspheres takes place during the reaction of surface modification. The surface charge of every microsphere can be determined by electrophoresis. For instance, the zeta potentials of our cellulose triacetate, Cell-OH, crosslinked Cell-OH, Cell-CM, Cell-SE, Cell-NHa, Cell-DEAE, Cell-DEAE(Me), and benzyl cellulose microspheres were —19.9, —2.1, —2.7, —17.1, —20.9, +4.6, +14.2, +15.1, and —65.2 mV, respectively. This result indicates that anionic and cationic microspheres with the same average diameter but different surface charges can be prepared by this method. 

Hg. 11. Effect of the surface charge on phagocytosis of modified cellulosic microspheres (1) Cell-OH. (2) crc s-linked Cell-OH, (3) CeU-CM. (4) CeU-SE, (5) Cell-NH, (6) CeU-DEAE, (7) Cell-DEAE (Me), (8) lhilo triacetate, and (9) benzyl cellulose micro-spheres... 

Other substituted celluloses were found to behave similarly to ethyl cellulose. An oxidation susceptibility order was established [23aj allyl cellulose > CMC > benzyl cellulose > ethyl cellulose > cyanoethyl cellulose. The cellulose ethers were found to be less resistant to oxidation than the esters. 

Use Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, resins, lacquers, printing inks perfume fixative nondiscoloring plasticizer for ethyl and benzyl cellulose. 

USE Solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, oil and spirit-sol dyes, and many other organic as well as some inorganic compds,... 

MAJOR USES Used as an industrial solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, oils, resins, waxes, dyes, other organic and inorganic compounds used as a stabilizer in chlorinated solvents. 

Ethylcellulose. The cellulose ethers obtained by the alkylation of cellulose are important plastic materials. TTiey are more stable than the cellulose esters and are incapable of undergoing hydrolysis, which makes them more resistant to acid and alkalies. The alkyl ethers are, however, soluble to a considerable extent in waier and alkalies, more so than benzyl-cellulose but less than cellulose acetate. 

Still less well defined is the mode of action of various cellulose derivatives coated onto diphenyl-silanlzed silica (9,10). Daicel markets columns made from actylated, benzoylated, cinnamoylated, phenyl carbamoylated and benzylated celluloses. 

Lacquers are clear, synthetic coatings, most often cellulose-based (such as nitrocellulose often modified with a resin, cellulose acetate, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and benzyl cellulose) that dry through evaporation of a solvent. Lacquers can be made from a liquid lacquer base, a starting point for speciality lacquers (e.g., automotive) which most often contain the film-forming material in concentrated solution with or without other components. The base may be up to 25% nitrocellulose. 

These include ethyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, and benzyl cellulose. Ethyl and benzyl cellulose can be used as hot-melt adhesives. Methyl cellulose is a tough material, completely non-toxic, tasteless, and odorless, which makes it a suitable adhesive for food packages. It is capable of forming high-viscosity solutions at very low concentrations, so it is useful as a thickening agent in water-soluble adhesives. Hydroxy ethyl cellulose and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose can also be used as thickeners. The cellulose ethers have fair to good resistance to dry heat. Water resistance varies from excellent for benzyl cellulose to poor for methyl cellulose. ... 

Cellulose esters Cellulose acetate CA Cellulose acetate butyrate CAB Cellulose acetate propionate CAP also known as cellulose propionate CP Cellulose ethers Ethyl cellulose EC Benzyl cellulose. 

Benzyl cellulose n. A benzyl ether of cellulose, it is a cellulosic plastic used in lacquers. It also may be formulated for making films and compounds for molding and extrusion. 

The radicalic mechanism of the destruction proceeding by frozen-unfrozen cycles was proved on the benzyl cellulose example in dioxane, whose macroradicals initiated the grafting of acrylonitrile [1175]. 

Similar to silica, surface-modified cellulose (84,98,1(X),105,119) e.g. ECTEOLA (a reaction product of epichlorohydrin, triethanolamine and alkali cellulose), carboxymethyl cellulose, amino-benzyl cellulose and diethyl-(2-hydroxypropyl) aminoethyl cellulose have been used as stationary phases for the separation of several inorganic ions. Fixion 50X8 (a polymer based strong acidic cation exchange resin) is used to resolve various inorganic ions by circular TLC (127). 

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