Benzophenone and derivatives

This novel sequential photoinduced graft polymerization was tested by Bowman et al. [MA 99] on hydrophobic porous polypropylene (PP) membrane in the presence of acrylic acid. Experimental results showed that the grafting density and the graft polymer chain length could be controlled by choosing the suitable reaction conditions in both steps. In addition, the method substantially eliminates the formation of imdesired homopolymer 

A particularly interesting example with BP/maleic anhydride (MAH) described by Hoyle and coworkers [PAN 04] pointed out that BP could also be used as an efficient photosensitizer for the photografting of MAH onto PP. The occurrence of the MAH grafting could be ascribed via the formation of excited triplet state of MAH sensitized by BP. 

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Photoredox systems involving carbonyl compounds and amines are used in many applications. Carbonyl compounds employed include benzophenone and derivatives, a-diketones [e.g. benzil, cainphoroquinone (85),2W 291 9,10-phenanthrene quinone], and xanthone and coumarin derivatives. The amines are tertiary and must have a-hydrogens [e.g. N,A7-dimethylani 1 ine, Michler s ketone (86)]. The radicals formed are an a-aminoalkyl radical and a ketyl radical. 

Benzophenone and derivs 2 B77—B78 azidobenzophenone 2 B77 benzophenonediazide 2 B77 dinitrobenzophenone 2 B77 mononitrobenzophenone 2 B77 tetranitrobenzophenone 2 B78... 

Hydroxy-diphenylmethyl radicals and corresponding deprotonated species anion radicals from benzophenone and derivatives ... 

Kawaguchi M, Ito R, Honda H et al (2009) Miniaturized hollow fiber assisted liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of benzophenone and derivates in human urine sample. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 877(3) 298-302... 

Oxidation of Pluviine (276), isolated from Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Narcissus incomparabilis, and Lycoris radiata Herb., with benzophenone and potassium rerr-butylate yielded a red phenol-betaine 277 from which one neutral covalent form can be drawn (Scheme 90). The betaine has absorption maxima Imax (loge) in a buffer at pH 10 at 240 (4.49), 325 (4.46), 360 (3.58), 380 (3.27), and 490 (3.26) nm. In dilute HCl, a salt is formed [lmax = 260 (4.57), 295 (4.39), 340 (3.76), 355 (3.84), 400 (3.62) nm] (57CB363). The oxidation of the alkaloid Caranine gives a similar betaine, the 1,3-dioxolo derivative 278 (56CIL348). 

The reaction between Cell—O radical and vinyl monomers leads to the formation of grafted cellulose. In the presence of photosensitizers generally used as photoinitiators, such as benzophenone and phenylace-tophenone derivatives, the photoinitiator absorbs the UV radiation and transforms to its singlet (S ) and then triplet (T ) states. After that it may decompose into free radicals or transfer its energy to cellulose or any other molecules in the system. Take benzophenone as an example ... 

The chemistry involved in LfV-curable resin systems has been extensively investigated and thoroughly surveyed [88-94]. LfV-radiation polymerization, is in principle, completely analogous to the conventional addition polymerization. A photoinitiator is used in UV polymerization. Its function is the same as the free-radical initiator. A conventional initiator possesses a thermally labile bond which is cleaved to form free-radical species, but the photoinitiator has a bond which breaks upon absorption of radiant energy. Benzoin ethers, benzyldialkyl ketals, benzophenone, and acetophenone derivatives are the important LfV-photoinitiators [95-99]. 

Quantum yields and lifetimes of emission (fluorescence) as well as other principal rates of deactivation have been measured on 2-hydroxy benzophenone and 2-hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole derivatives. Polymerizable UV screening agents have been prepared and copolymerized with acrylics in order to obtain transparent films containing nonfugitive UV screening agents. Preliminary results of studies of photodegradation on these copolymers are also reported here. 

Phenyl esters of anthranylic acid give upon irradiation ortho-mano-benzophenones, and their N-acetyl derivatives 264 give ortfto-Af-acetamido-benzophenones 265, which can be converted into quinolones (266) with basic treatment (Scheme 67) [188]. 

DIAMINOBENZOPHENONE AND DERIVATIVES Diaminobenzophenone (called Diamino-benzophenon in Ger),... 

Kawaguchi, M., R. Ito, N. Endo, et al. 2006. Stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for trace analysis of benzophenone and its derivatives in water sample. Anal. Chim. Acta 557 272-277. 

A detailed study of the relative merits of acetophenone, benzophenone and azidoaryl derivatives was made by Galardy et al. (1974). Sensitive amino acids such as Cys, Met, Tyr and Trp were destroyed on irradiation in the presence of the ketones but not the azides. Nevertheless, benzophenone derivatives which can be irradiated at > 320 nm have been occasionally used with success (for a recent application see Williams and Coleman, 1982). 

Benzoin derivatives and benzophenone derivatives were commercial products of the highest purity grade. They are 2,2 - dime-thoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPA), benzophenone (BP), 4-benzoyl-benzoic acid (BBA), 3,3, 4,4 -benzophenone and tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTCD). 

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