Benzols

Proof of the existence of benzene in the light oil derived from coal tar (8) first estabHshed coal tar and coal as chemical raw materials (see Eeedstocks, COAL chemicals). Soon thereafter the separation of coal-tar light oil into substantially pure fractions produced a number of the aromatic components now known to be present in significant quantities in petroleum-derived Hquid fuels. Indeed, these separation procedures were for the recovery of benzene—toluene—xylene (BTX) and related substances, ie, benzol or motor benzol, from coke-oven operations (8) (see BTX processing). 

Solvents used for dewaxing are naphtha, propane, sulfur dioxide, acetone—benzene, trichloroethylene, ethylenedichloride—benzene (Barisol), methyl ethyl ketone—benzene (benzol), methyl -butyl ketone, and methyl / -propyl ketone. Other solvents in commercial use for dewaxing include /V-methylpyrrolidinone, MEK—MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone), dichloroethane—methylene dichloride, and propfyene—acetone. 

The simplest unit employing vacuum fractionation is that designed by Canadian Badger for Dominion Tar and Chemical Company (now Rttgers VFT Inc.) at Hamilton, Ontario (13). In this plant, the tar is dehydrated in the usual manner by heat exchange and injection into a dehydrator. The dry tar is then heated under pressure in an oil-fired hehcal-tube heater and injected directly into the vacuum fractionating column from which a benzole fraction, overhead fraction, various oil fractions as side streams, and a pitch base product are taken. Some alterations were made to the plant in 1991, which allows some pitch properties to be controlled because pitch is the only product the distillate oils are used as fuel. 

Benzene is the simplest and most important member of the aromatic hydrocarbons and should not be confused with benzine, a low boiling petroleum fraction composed chiefly of aUphatic hydrocarbons. The term benzole, which denotes commercial products that are largely benzene, is not common in the United States, but is stiU used in Europe. 

Benzyl Alcohol and p-Phenylethyl Alcohols" ia ECT 1st ed., Vol. 2, pp. 483—489, by H. L. Simons and E. E. Polger, Harold L. Simons, Inc. (Benzyl alcohol), and E. T. Theimer, van Ametingen-Haebler, Inc. (P-Phenylethyl alcohol) "Benzyl Alcohol and P-Phenylethyl Alcohol" ia ECT 2nd ed., pp. 442—449, by William E. Ringk, Benzol Products Company (Benzyl alcohol), and E. T. Theimer, International Elavors Eragrances, Inc. (P-Phenylethyl... 

Extrainer benzene Motor benzole Toluol Xylol... 

Adsorption and ehemieal reaetion type hydrophylie adsorbate (aleohol) - hydrophobie agent (benzene vapor) and hydrophobie adsorbate (benzole aeid) - hydrophilie agent (aleohol vapor) takes plaee in the temperature range ... 

For cleaning bearings and bearing housings, before applying the grease, only the following fluids shoidd be used benzone, while petrol and benzole (while petrol is the most recommended). 

Carbon disulphide Disulphur dichloride Benzene, including benzol Carbon tetrachloride Trichloroethylene Processes in which these substances are used, or given off as vapour, in the manufacture of indiarubber or of articles or goods made wholly or partially of indiarubber... 

Blended coal is first heated in coke ovens to produce coke. This process is known as carbonization. The gas produced during carbonisation is extracted and used for fuel elsewhere in the steelworks. Other by-products (such as tar and benzole) are also extracted for further refining and sale. Once carbonised, the coke is pushed out of the ovens and allowed to cool. 

Cheoiical Designations - Synonyms Benzol, Benzole Chemical Formula ... 

One large outlet is its use as a solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers. Toluene is used to make phenol, benzaldehyde, benzole acid and a variety of other derivatives. 

Torbaeke and Rasmuson (2001) report the empirieal influenee of different seales of mixing in reaetion erystallization of benzole aeid in a loop reaetor. The authors infer that the proeess is mainly governed by mesomixing in terms of liquid eireulation rate but find anomalous behaviour in respeet of feed pipe diameter. 

After the electrolytic action. has continued for a suitable period, the contents of the vessel are allowed to cool, following which the unchanged nitro-cymene is separated for re-use, and the l-methyl-2-amino-4-iso-propyl-5-hydroxy benzol is filtered off from the remaining acid solution, whidh latter is strengthened for re-use. The l-methyl-2-amino-4-isopropyl-5-hydroxy benzol is then diazotised, and further reduced in an alkaline solution of stannous chloride, in the usual and well-known manner, with the resulting- production of thymol (l-methyl-4-isopropyl-5-hydroxy benzol). 

We add to the above-mentioned hydrocarbons, which during the operation should be kept thoroughly cool, a little more than the molecular quantity of fuming nitric acid or nitro-sulphuric acid. The acid should be gradually run in and the whole then allowed to stand undisturbed for from one to two hours, the resulting mass being then poured into water in order to get rid of the excess of acid. The well-washed substances thus obtained are then subjected to distillation by means of steam, whereupon simultaneously formed bodies, which smell like nitro-benzol and overpower the musk odour, readily distil over, whilst the pure substances remain behind. ... 

Xmino-benzol, n. aminobenzene, aniline, -essig-siure,/. aminoacetic acid, glycine, -kohlen-saure, /. amidocarbonic acid, carbamic acid, sfiure, /. amino acid, -saurerest, m. amino acid residue, -verbindung, /. amino compound. -zucker, m. amino sugar. 

Azo-toluol, m. azotoluene, -verbindung, /. azo compound, -walkrot, n. fulling azo red. Azozy-benzol, n. azoxybenzene. -verbindtin L, /. azoxy compound. 

Bcazal kem m. benzene nucleus. >kohlen wasserstofife, m.ji. betuene hydrocarbons. lack, m, benzol varnish, -faate, /. faouaae... 

BitDtro-. dtndtro. -benzol, n. dioitfobenzene. bixmen, prep, within,... 

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