Benzenesulphonate salt

The high sodium ion concentration results in facile crystallisation of the sodium salt. This process of salting out with common salt may be used for recrystallisation, but sodium benzenesulphonate (and salts of other acids of comparable molecular weight) is so very soluble in water that the solution must be almost saturated with sodium chloride and consequently the product is likely to be contaminated with it. In such a case a pure product may be obtained by crystallisation from, or Soxhlet extraction with, absolute alcohol the sul-phonate is slightly soluble but the inorganic salts are almost insoluble. Very small amounts of sulphones are formed as by-products, but since these are insoluble in water, they separate when the reaction mixture is poured into water ... 

In a 500 ml. bolt-head flask, provided with a mechanical stirrer, place 70 ml. of oleum (20 per cent. SO3) and heat it in an oil bath to 70°. By means of a separatory funnel, supported so that the stem is just above the surface of the acid, introduce 41 g. (34 ml.) of nitrobenzene slowly and at such a rate that the temperature of the well-stirred mixture does not rise above 100-105°. When all the nitrobenzene has been introduced, continue the heating at 110-115° for 30 minutes. Remove a test portion and add it to the excess of water. If the odour of nitrobenzene is still apparent, add a further 10 ml. of fuming sulphuric acid, and heat at 110-115° for 15 minutes the reaction mixture should then be free from nitrobenzene. Allow the mixture to cool and pour it with good mechanical stirring on to 200 g. of finely-crushed ice contained in a beaker. AU the nitrobenzenesulphonic acid passes into solution if a little sulphone is present, remove this by filtration. Stir the solution mechanically and add 70 g. of sodium chloride in small portions the sodium salt of m-nitro-benzenesulphonic acid separates as a pasty mass. Continue the stirring for about 30 minutes, allow to stand overnight, filter and press the cake well. The latter will retain sufficient acid to render unnecessary the addition of acid in the subsequent reduction with iron. Spread upon filter paper to dry partially. 

Salts. Sodium benzoate Sodium benzenesulphonate Aniline hydrochloride Methylamine hydrochloride. 

The high sodium ion concentration results in crystallisation of the sodium salt. This process of salting out with common salt may be used for recrystallisation, but, for example, sodium benzenesulphonate (and salts of other acids of comparable molecular weight) is so very soluble in water that the solution... 

Thus Surfleet and Wyatt [14] studied the nitration of benzenesulphonic acid in sulphuric acid and found that the addition of hydrogen sulphates of various metals increases the nitration rate. The most marked effect occurred with calcium. and barium hydrogen sulphates. An explanation of the effect was sought in terms of the Bronsted salt-effect theory. It was suggested that the main influence of ionic solutes is in the activity coefficient of the nitrated substance (fg) since the activity coefficients of the other two species, the nitronium ion (/no ) similarly charged transition complex 0 )as a ratio in the Bron-... 

The amido-sulphonic adds, since they are derivatives of a primary amine, may like them be diazotised by tile action of nitrous add upon tins fact depends their great technical importance. If the diazo-com-pounds thus obtained are combined with amines or phenols, azo dyes are formed which contain the sulphonic add group, and in the form of their alkali salts are soluble in water. Sulplianilic acid particularly, and its isomer, metanilic add, obtained by the reduction of m-nitro-benzenesulphonic add, as well as the numerous mono- and poly-sul-phonic acids derived from a and / naphthyl amines, find extensive technical application in the manufacture of azo dyes-... 

According to the temperature at which the sulphonation takes place, more of one than of the other acid is formed at lower temperatures an excess of the a-add is obtained, at higher an excess of the /3-add. If the mixture is heated to too0, a mixture of 4 parts of the a-acid and 1 part of the /3-add is formed, while at 170° a mixture of the 3 parts of the /3-add and 1 part of the a-add is obtained. In order to separate the sulphonic adds from the excess of sulphuric acid, advantage is taken of the fact that sulphonic adds differ from sulphuric add in that they form soluble salts of caldum, barium, and lead, as mentioned under benzenesulphonic acid. For the separation of the sulphonic acid from sulphuric add, the caldum salt is prepared by neutralising the acid mixture with chalk or lime, since it is cheaper than lead carbonate or barium carbonate. This method is followed technically on the large. scale as well as in laboratory preparations. Since the caldum salts of the two isomeric sulphonic adds possess a very different solubility in water,—at io° 1 part of the a-salt dissolves in 16.5 parts of water, and 1 part of the /3-salt dissolves in 76 parts of water,—the /3-salt, which is more difficultly soluble, and consequently crystallises out first, can be separated by fractional crystallisation from the a-salt which remains in solution. For the conversion into naphthol the caldum salt cannot be used directly it must first be changed into the sodium salt by treatment with sodium carbonate ... 

The sulphonic acid formed can be separated in the form of a salt by either of the methods described below. In the first method (a), which in the case of benzenesulphonic acid is simpler, advantage is taken of the fact that sodium benzenesulphonate is insoluble in a solution of sodium chloride. The second method (.b) is the one commonly used to isolate sulphonic acids. It is... 

Potassium benzenesulphonate crystallizes in lustrous plates, which effloresce in the air. The salt is very soluble in water, and melts above 300° with decomposition. 

Preparation of Benzenesulphonyl Chloride (SECTION 473).—Convert all of the salt of benzenesulphonic acid obtained in experiment 173 above into benzenesulphonyl chloride as follows HOOD. Place the dry salt in a flask and add phosphorus pentachloride, which should be weighed in the hood, in the proportion of 3 parts by weight of the salt to 4 parts by weight of the chloride. Heat the mixture on the steam-bath, with occasional shaking, for half an hour. Cool, and add to the liquid about ten times its volume of ice-water. Shake about every 10 minutes in order to facilitate the reaction of the phosphorus oxychloride present with water. At the end of an hour... 

ACS 60 Ammonium cumenesulfonate Ammonium cumenesulphonate Benzenesulfonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-, ammonium salt Benzenesulphonic acid, (1-methylethyl)-, ammonium sail EINECS 253-519-1 Eltesol AC60 (1-Methylethyl)benzenesulfonic acid, ammonium salt. Surfactant, hydrotrope for agricultural applications. Mydrotrope, solubilizer for personal care applications. Albright Wilson UK Ltd. CK Wilco Corp. Rewo. 

Benzenesulfonic xid, dodecyl(sulfophenoxy)-, disodium salt. Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyi (sulfophenoxy)-, disodium salt Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyloxydi-, disodium sait Disodium dodecyl(sulphonatophenoxy)benzenesulphon-ate Dodecylphenoxybenzenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt EINECS 249-063-8. 

Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-, monosodium salt Benzenesulfonic acid, p-hydroxy-, monosodium salt EINECS 212-650-0 4-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, monosodium salt p-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, monosodium salt NSC 147483 Sodium 4-hydroxy-benzenesulphonate Sodium p-hydroxybenzenesulfon-ate Sodium p-hydroxyphenylsulphonate. 

Together with stearates and caproates, other metal salts can also be used as a stationary phases. Interesting results for separation of pyridine bases and phenol isomers have been obtained on rubidium benzenesulphonate [96]. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have been successfully separated on thallium triphenylborate [97]. 

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